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Table 3 Risk of bias of RCTs

From: PD-1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Study

Random sequence generation

Allocation concealment

Blinding of participants and personnel

Blinding of outcome assessment

Incomplete outcome data

Selective reporting

Other sources of bias

KEYNOTE-181

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

ATTRACTION-3

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

ESCORT

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

ORIENT-2

Unclear risk

Unclear risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

RATIONALE 302

Unclear risk

Unclear risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk