Fig. 1

TGF-β promoted osteosarcoma chemo-resistance. A Immunohistochemistry of TGF-β in tumor tissues from chemoresistant (CR) and chemosensitive (CS) patients. The scale bar is 100 μm. B Saos-2 and MG-63 cells were treated with MTX (75 mM) plus different concentrations of TGF-β for 48 h. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. C The same as B except that Saos-2 and MG-63 cells were treated with CIS (40 μM) plus different concentrations of TGF-β. D The NSG mice with Saos-2 and MG-63 osteosarcoma were treated with MTX (5 mg/kg)/CIS (1 mg/kg) plus TGF-β (20 μg/kg). The tumor growth was measured. E The NSG mice with Saos-2 and MG-63 osteosarcoma were treated with TGF-β (20 μg/kg). The tumor growth was measured. F relative cell proliferation of Saos-2 and MG-63 cells treated with PBS or TGF-β (50 ng/ml). G Tumorigenicity of Saos-2 and MG-63 cells after treatment with TGF-β (20 μg/kg). MTX, methotrexate; CIS, cisplatin