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Table 2 The effect of alteration of TIM on antitumor immunity

From: Ferroptosis regulators, especially SQLE, play an important role in prognosis, progression and immune environment of breast cancer

Immune cell

Variation trend in high FR risk

Basic immune function

Final effect on anticancer process

T cells CD8

Decreasing

CD8+ T cells are the main effector cells responsible for killing tumour cells and virally infected cells.

Unfavorable

T cells CD4 memory

Activated Type

Increased

Memory CD4 T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immune response.

Beneficial

Resting Type

Decreasing

NK cells

Activated Type Decreasing

NK cells can provide host defense against tumour through their potent cytolytic function.

Unfavorable

Resting Type Increased

Macrophages M2

Increased

M2 cells can facilitate tumor cells proliferation and repair.

Unfavorable

Dendritic cells

Activated Type

No change

DCs specialize antigen-presenting process and contribute to adaptive immune response, but may induce immune tolerance.

Uncertain

Resting Type Decreasing

Mast cells

Activated Type No change

Mast cells possess pro-tumor or anti-tumor bi-directional abilities via secreting different factors.

Uncertain

Resting Type Decreasing

Plasma cells

Decreasing

Plasma cells commonly serve a positive role in antitumor immunity.

Unfavorable

TILs

Negative Correlation

TILs play a specific killing effect on tumors.

Unfavorable

Tregs

Positive Correlation

Tregs play an immune suppressive role through expressing the transcription factor FoxP3.

Unfavorable

Th1/Th2

Positive Correlation

Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 is beneficial for antitumor immune process.

Beneficial

  1. TIM tumor immune microenvironment, NK cells natural killer cells, Tregs T cells regulatory, DCs Dendritic cells, TILs tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes