Table 2 Effects of dairy products on breast cancer incidence
Subgroup analysis | No. of studies | Cases | Participants | HR | 95%CI | p | Heterogeneity (I2) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All populations | 25 | 30,334 | 726,673 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.99 | 0.019 | 63.2 |
ER+ breast cancer | 4 | 6466 | 185,355 | 0.79 | 0.68–0.92 | 0.002 | 66.4 |
ER- breast cancer | 4 | 6466 | 185,355 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.22 | 0.42 | 0 |
PR+ breast cancer | 3 | 3611 | 87,569 | 0.75 | 0.58–0.97 | 0.027 | 73.9 |
PR- breast cancer | 3 | 3611 | 87,569 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.21 | 0.56 | 0 |
ER+/PR+ breast cancer | 5 | 11,563 | 184,989 | 0.92 | 0.85–1.01 | 0.075 | 73.0 |
ER−/PR- breast cancer | 5 | 11,563 | 184,989 | 0.96 | 0.88–1.05 | 0.36 | 32.5 |
Premenopausal population | 8 | 14,863 | 653,249 | 1.02 | 0.97–1.07 | 0.37 | 5.9 |
Postmenopausal population | 8 | 14,863 | 653,249 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.83 | 0 |
Fermented dairy products | 14 | 16,280 | 496,747 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.02 | 0.25 | 41.9 |
Fermented dairy products for ER+/PR+ breast cancer | 2 | 2414 | 50,815 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.62 | 12.3 |
Fermented dairy products for ER−/PR- breast cancer | 2 | 2414 | 50,815 | 1.03 | 0.92–1.15 | 0.63 | 37.4 |
Fermented dairy products for the premenopausal population | 6 | 14,425 | 561,870 | 0.98 | 0.94–1.03 | 0.52 | 0 |
Fermented dairy products for the postmenopausal population | 6 | 14,425 | 561,870 | 0.96 | 0.93–0.99 | 0.021 | 0 |
Non-fermented dairy products | 13 | 17,145 | 594,111 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.03 | 0.54 | 0 |
Non-fermented dairy products for the premenopausal population | 6 | 14,425 | 561,870 | 1.03 | 0.97–1.09 | 0.33 | 0 |
Non-fermented dairy products for the postmenopausal population | 6 | 14,425 | 561,870 | 1.03 | 0.98–1.08 | 0.30 | 20.2 |
High fat dairy products | 12 | 19,208 | 624,176 | 1.06 | 1.00–1.13 | 0.066 | 63.7 |
High fat dairy products for premenopausal populations | 6 | 17,873 | 584,718 | 1.01 | 0.96–1.07 | 0.61 | 0 |
High fat dairy products for the postmenopausal population | 6 | 17,873 | 584,718 | 1.00 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.87 | 0 |
Low fat dairy products | 11 | 19,699 | 615,226 | 0.98 | 0.94–1.03 | 0.50 | 63.1 |
Low fat dairy products for the premenopausal population | 6 | 17,873 | 584,718 | 0.94 | 0.89–1.00 | 0.048 | 33.5 |
Low fat dairy products for the postmenopausal population | 6 | 17,873 | 584,718 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 | 0.15 | 22.6 |