Fig. 2

Body composition profiles of body-shape phenotypes. ABSI – a body shape index (cut-offs: ≥80 in men; ≥73 in women); Apple – large-ABSI-small-HI; ASAT – abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue; BIA – bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements; CI – confidence interval; DXA – dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry measurements; HI – hip index (cut-offs: ≥49 in men; ≥64 in women); MRI – magnetic resonance imaging measurements; Pear – small-ABSI-large-HI; SD – standard deviation; Slim – small-ABSI-small-HI; VAT – visceral adipose tissue; Wide – large-ABSI-large-HI; SD difference (95% CI) – derived from linear regression models with adjustment for age, self-reported weight change within the year preceding the visit, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, Townsend deprivation index, region (except for VAT, ASAT and MRI) and, in women, menopausal status and use of hormonal replacement therapy (see definition of covariates in Supplementary Methods and numerical values in Supplementary Table S6). Body-composition measurements were converted to allometric indices with scaling for height and weight (see scaling coefficients in Supplementary Table S2) and then to sex-specific z-scores (value minus mean, divided by the standard deviation). Note that DXA lean mass does not include bone mass, which is included in BIA fat-free mass. See Supplementary Methods for the calculation of DXA lean and fat mass. The patterns in the total DXA dataset were consistent with the patterns in the restricted DXA VAT subset, which contained measurements for regional DXA lean and fat mass provided by UK Biobank (Supplementary Fig. S4, see Supplementary Fig. S1 for the definition of datasets). The adjustment for co-variates contributed only to a minor reduction in the SD differences (see Supplementary Fig. S5 for models adjusted only for age and region, except for a single region for VAT, ASAT and MRI)