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Table 3 Short-term (six-months) comorbidity and multimorbidity mortality risk adjusted for sex, age, province of residence, smoking status, cancer surgery, histology, TNM stage, and BMI among lung cancer patients in Girona and Granada, Spain in 2011 (n = 1259 lung cancer patients and 581 deaths at six-months after cancer diagnosis)

From: The role of multimorbidity in short-term mortality of lung cancer patients in Spain: a population-based cohort study

Variables

Model 1

HR (95%CI)

Model 2

HR (95%CI)

Model 3

HR (95%CI)

Model 4

HR (95%CI)

Model 5

HR (95%CI)

Model 6

HR (95%CI)

Model 7

HR (95%CI)

Model 8

HR (95%CI)

N (sample size)

1259

1259

1259

1096

1092

1084

706

1259

RCS-modified Charlson score

 No comorbidity

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 One comorbidity

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

 Two or more comorbidities

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.5 (1.1–1.9)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

Sex

 Female

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Male

0.8 (0.7–1.1)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

Age at diagnosis in years

  < 60

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 60–69

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

 70–79

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

1.4 (1.1–1.9)

  ≥ 80

2.7 (2.1–3.5)

2.1 (1.6–2.8)

2.1 (1.6–2.7)

2.0 (1.5–2.7)

1.7 (1.2–2.3)

1.9 (1.4–2.6)

2.1 (1.3–3.4)

2.1 (1.6–2.8)

Histology

 ADE

 

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Others

 

1.9 (1.5–2.4)

1.9 (1.5–2.3)

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

1.6 (1.3–2.0)

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

 SCLC

 

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.7 (0.4–1.0)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

 SQUA

 

0.7 (0.6–1.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

1.0 (0.7–1.2)

Province

 Girona

  

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Granada

  

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

1.5 (1.3–1.9)

1.5 (1.2–1.8)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

1.8 (1.4–2.4)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

Smoking status at diagnosis

 Never smoked

   

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Previous smoker

   

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

2.0 (1.0–3.8)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

 Current smoker

   

1.7 (1.2–2.5)

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

2.1 (1.1–3.9)

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

Surgery

 Yes

    

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 No

    

16.0 (8.0–32.3)

9.4 (4.6–19.1)

6.2 (3.0–13.1)

10.2 (5.0–20.8)

TNM stage

 I-III (No-metastasis)

     

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 IV (Metastasis)

     

2.4 (1.9–3.0)

2.5 (1.8–3.5)

2.3 (1.9–2.8)

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

  < 24.9

      

Ref.

Ref.

 25.0–29.9

      

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

  ≥ 30

      

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

  1. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval
  2. Histology: ADE: adenocarcinoma; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; SQUA: Squamous carcinoma; Others: non-small cell lung cancer, large cell lung cancer, neuroendocrine lung cancer, and unspecified lung cancer
  3. Model 1: adjusted for sex and age;
  4. Model 2: adjusted for sex, age and histology;
  5. Model 3: adjusted for sex, age, histology and province of residence;
  6. Model 4: adjusted for sex, age, histology, province of residence and smoking status;
  7. Model 5: adjusted for sex, age, histology, province of residence, smoking status, and cancer surgery;
  8. Model 6: adjusted for sex, age, histology, province of residence, smoking status, cancer surgery, and TNM stage;
  9. Model 7: adjusted for sex, age, histology, province of residence, smoking status, cancer surgery, TNM stage, and BMI;
  10. Model 8: model 7 with imputed BMI, TNM stage, surgery, and smoking status
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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