Table 3 Environment, lifestyle and habits associated with different esophageal lesions

 Not smoke

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 Former/current smoke

1.97 (1.62–2.41)

< 0.001

1.46 (1.14–1.89)

0.003

1.28 (1.15–1.43)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.91–1.19)

0.574

1.25 (1.16–1.33)

< 0.001

1.09 (1.00–1.19)

0.048

Occupation (Farmer versus Non-farmer)

1.35 (1.07–1.72)

0.014

1.22 (0.97–1.57)

0.098

1.29 (1.15–1.45)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.07–1.35)

0.002

1.24 (1.15–1.33)

< 0.001

1.21 (1.12–1.30)

< 0.001

Pesticide exposure

1.46 (1.13–1.87)

0.003

1.44 (1.11–1.84)

0.005

1.23 (1.08–1.40)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.05–1.37)

0.007

1.04 (0.95–1.13)

0.435

–

–

 No refrigerator

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 1-10 years

0.57 (0.43–0.78)

< 0.001

0.76 (0.57–1.04)

0.074

0.74 (0.63–0.87)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.75–1.04)

0.135

0.66 (0.60–0.74)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.66–0.81)

< 0.001

 11-20 years

0.52 (0.36–0.76)

0.001

0.71 (0.49–1.05)

0.087

0.64 (0.52–0.78)

< 0.001

0.78 (0.64–0.95)

0.015

0.61 (0.54–0.69)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.59–0.77)

< 0.001

 > 20 years

0.44 (0.11–1.21)

0.170

0.55 (0.13–1.52)

0.319

0.60 (0.33–1.01)

0.070

0.69 (0.37–1.16)

0.189

0.48 (0.32–0.69)

< 0.001

0.50 (0.33–0.71)

< 0.001

 Not drink

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 Former/current drink

2.15 (1.68–2.75)

< 0.001

1.60 (1.23–2.09)

0.001

1.54 (1.34–1.76)

< 0.001

1.30 (1.12–1.51)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.10–1.34)

< 0.001

1.05 (0.95–1.17)

0.331

 Not drink

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 Former/current drink

1.35 (1.11–1.65)

0.003

1.32 (1.08–1.61)

0.007

1.43 (1.30–1.57)

< 0.001

1.34 (1.26–1.54)

< 0.001

0.78 (0.73–0.83)

< 0.001

0.76 (0.70–0.81)

< 0.001

Water source (Well water and surface water)

1.64 (1.35–1.98)

< 0.001

1.55 (1.28–1.89)

< 0.001

1.25 (1.13–1.37)

< 0.001

1.19 (1.08–1.32)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.50–1.69)

< 0.001

1.61 (1.51–1.71)

< 0.001

 Warm tea

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 Hot/burning hot tea

1.34 (0.91–1.99)

0.144

1.34 (0.90–1.99)

0.151

1.11 (0.92–1.33)

0.277

1.10 (0.92–1.33)

0.300

1.10 (0.95–1.27)

0.202

1.12 (0.97–1.29)

0.137

Drink improved water

0.74 (0.49–1.08)

0.137

0.79 (0.52–1.15)

0.251

0.56 (0.44–0.69)

< 0.001

0.58 (0.46–0.72)

< 0.001

0.72 (0.64–0.82)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.64–0.83)

< 0.001

 Light diet

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 Salty diet

1.40 (1.09–1.81)

0.009

1.36 (1.07–1.77)

0.016

1.60 (1.41–1.83)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.38–1.80)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.47–1.74)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.45–1.71)

< 0.001

Livestock meat

0.90 (0.71–1.18)

0.440

–

–

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

0.988

–

–

0.83 (0.76–0.89)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.81–0.95)

0.001

Poultry meat

0.77 (0.63–0.95)

0.014

0.89 (0.72–1.10)

0.290

0.66 (0.59–0.73)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.66–0.81)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.56–0.64)

< 0.001

0.62 (0.58–0.67)

< 0.001

Seafood

0.99 (0.77–1.27)

0.967

–

–

1.08 (0.95–1.21)

0.220

–

–

0.86 (0.80–0.94)

< 0.001

0.89 (0.82–0.97)

0.007

Fruits

0.78 (0.73–0.83)

< 0.001

0.84 (0.69–1.02)

0.085

0.79 (0.71–0.87)

< 0.001

0.89 (0.80–0.98)

0.015

0.70 (0.58–0.85)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.78–0.88)

< 0.001

Spring onion

/ginger/garlic

0.78 (0.64–0.95)

0.014

0.85 (0.70–1.04)

0.116

0.88 (0.80–0.97)

0.009

0.93 (0.85–1.03)

0.188

0.68 (0.64–0.72)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.65–0.74)

< 0.001

Nut

0.93 (0.72–1.18)

0.537

–

–

0.83 (0.73–0.94)

0.003

0.89 (0.78–1.01)

0.067

0.74 (0.68–0.80)

< 0.001

0.77 (0.71–0.84)

< 0.001

Milk

0.99 (0.76–1.27)

0.937

–

–

0.81 (0.71–0.93)

0.003

0.82 (0.71–0.94)

0.004

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

0.828

–

–

Vitamins

0.72 (0.26–1.56)

0.464

–

–

0.43 (0.24–0.72)

0.003

0.49 (0.27–0.82)

0.012

0.64 (0.47–0.85)

0.003

0.68 (0.50–0.90)

0.010

Leftovers

1.46 (1.38–1.55)

< 0.001

1.16 (0.96–1.41)

0.125

1.07 (0.98–1.18)

0.150

1.08 (0.98–1.19)

0.108

1.16 (0.96–1.40)

0.119

1.49 (1.40–1.58)

< 0.001

Physical exercise

0.94 (0.71–1.23)

0.675

–

–

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

0.023

0.89 (0.77–1.03)

0.119

0.67 (0.61–0.74)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.62–0.76)

< 0.001

 No

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

1.00 (reference)

–

 < 8 h/week

0.97 (0.71–1.34)

0.859

1.11 (0.81–1.52)

0.531

0.86 (0.73–1.01)

0.057

0.92 (0.78–1.08)

0.317

0.59 (0.54–0.65)

< 0.001

0.61 (0.56–0.68)

< 0.001

 8-14 h/week

0.78 (0.57–1.08)

0.123

0.97 (0.70–1.34)

0.845

0.79 (0.67–0.93)

0.004

0.88 (0.75–1.05)

0.147

0.54 (0.49–0.59)

< 0.001

0.57 (0.52–0.63)

< 0.001

 15-21 h/week

0.80 (0.56–1.15)

0.217

0.95 (0.66–1.38)

0.796

0.78 (0.65–0.93)

0.006

0.84 (0.70–1.01)

0.066

0.56 (0.50–0.62)

< 0.001

0.58 (0.52–0.65)

< 0.001

 ≥ 22 h/week

0.65 (0.44–0.96)

0.029

0.79 (0.53–1.18)

0.249

0.98 (0.83–1.17)

0.843

1.06 (0.88–1.27)

0.542

0.61 (0.55–0.68)

< 0.001

0.63 (0.56–0.71)

< 0.001

Snore

1.11 (0.92–1.34)

0.273

–

–

1.07 (0.97–1.17)

0.172

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

0.414

1.11 (1.04–1.18)

0.001

1.09 (1.02–1.15)

0.009