Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants
Characteristics | Males | Females | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No MetS (N = 162,301) | MetS (N = 56,766) | No MetS (N = 198,275) | MetS (N = 57,736) | |
Mean (SD) age, years | 56.1 (8.29) | 57.8 (7.79) | 55.5 (8.06) | 58.3 (7.49) |
White, N (%) | 151,840 (93.6) | 53,935 (95.0) | 187,044 (94.3) | 53,775 (93.1) |
Mean (SD) IDM | 17.5 (14.0) | 19.6 (15.1) | 16.7 (13.2) | 20.1 (15.2) |
Mean (SD) BMI, kg/m2 | 26.3 (3.12) | 32.3 (3.80) | 25.5 (4.11) | 32.4 (5.00) |
Mean (SD) WC, cm | 92.6 (8.59) | 109 (8.96) | 80.5 (9.99) | 98.8 (9.84) |
Mean (SD) SBP, mmHg | 141 (18.6) | 147 (17.6) | 135 (20.2) | 145 (18.4) |
Mean (SD) DBP, mmHg | 83.1 (10.5) | 86.9 (10.4) | 79.4 (10.4) | 85.1 (10.1) |
Mean (SD) HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.34 (0.312) | 1.12 (0.250) | 1.67 (0.364) | 1.34 (0.296) |
Mean (SD) TG, mmol/L | 1.76 (1.01) | 2.57 (1.29) | 1.33 (0.667) | 2.23 (1.02) |
Mean (SD) fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.03 (1.09) | 5.62 (1.98) | 4.93 (0.778) | 5.47 (1.62) |
Smoking status, N (%) | ||||
 Never smoked | 83,860 (51.7) | 23,289 (41.0) | 120,211 (60.6) | 32,336 (56.0) |
 Previous smoker | 56,910 (35.1) | 26,228 (46.2) | 59,753 (30.1) | 19,540 (33.8) |
 Current smoker | 20,721 (12.8) | 6879 (12.1) | 17,442 (8.8) | 5465 (9.5) |
Alcohol consumption, N (%) | ||||
 Daily or almost daily | 42,423 (26.1) | 12,884 (22.7) | 34,531 (17.4) | 6477 (11.2) |
 Three or four times a week | 43,741 (27.0) | 13,430 (23.7) | 44,056 (22.2) | 8532 (14.8) |
 Once or twice a week | 41,329 (25.5) | 15,272 (26.9) | 52,150 (26.3) | 13,661 (23.7) |
 One to three times a month | 13,721 (8.5) | 5782 (10.2) | 24,699 (12.5) | 8679 (15.0) |
 Special occasions only | 10,904 (6.7) | 5155 (9.1) | 26,118 (13.2) | 12,258 (21.2) |
 Never | 9764 (6.0) | 4107 (7.2) | 16,333 (8.2) | 7958 (13.8) |
Physical activity, N (%) | ||||
 Low | 22,879 (14.1) | 12,252 (21.6) | 25,960 (13.1) | 10,799 (18.7) |
 Moderate | 51,856 (32.0) | 18,397 (32.4) | 66,656 (33.6) | 18,210 (31.5) |
 High | 61,953 (38.2) | 16,130 (28.4) | 63,128 (31.8) | 13,066 (22.6) |
Portions of fruit and vegetable, N (%) | ||||
 < 5 portions per day | 110,871 (68.3) | 39,150 (69.0) | 110,931 (55.9) | 33,850 (58.6) |
 ≥ 5 portions per day | 50,871 (31.3) | 17,414 (30.7) | 86,968 (43.9) | 23,718 (41.1) |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hepatitis, N (%) | 204 (0.1) | 68 (0.1) | 186 (0.1) | 52 (0.1) |
 Liver failure/cirrhosis, N (%) | 101 (0.1) | 68 (0.1) | 116 (0.1) | 54 (0.1) |