Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics between the TLTG group and LATG group before and after 2:1 PSM

Age (years)

61.6 ± 11.1

59.5 ± 11.0

0.090

59.8 ± 10.7

0.203

Sex

0.200

 Male

166 (74.4)

77 (67.5)

158 (74.2)

76 (68.5)

 Female

57 (25.6)

37 (32.5)

55 (25.8)

35 (31.5)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 3.3

0.960

24.2 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 3.3

0.665

 Cerebrovascular disease

11 (4.9)

8 (7.0)

0.459

10 (4.7)

8 (7.2)

0.444

 Dementia

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

0.474

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.470

 Congestive (Ischemic) heart disease

20 (9.0)

4 (3.5)

0.075

19 (8.9)

4 (3.6)

0.109

 Peripheral vascular disease

1 (0.4)

1 (0.9)

0.628

0 (0)

1 (0.9)

0.343

 Hypertension

87 (39.0)

41 (36.0)

0.636

81 (38.0)

41 (36.9)

0.904

 Pulmonary disease

13 (5.8)

4 (3.5)

0.439

13 (6.1)

4 (3.6)

0.436

 Diabetes

42 (18.8)

16 (14.0)

0.290

41 (19.2)

16 (14.4)

0.356

 Liver disease

10 (4.5)

1 (0.9)

0.107

7 (3.3)

0 (0)

0.100

 Renal disease

5 (2.2)

1 (0.9)

0.668

5 (2.3)

0 (0)

0.169

 Hemi- or paraplesia

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

0.474

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.470

 Rheumatologic disorder

2 (0.9)

0 (0)

0.551

2 (0.9)

0 (0)

0.548

 Any malignancies

4 (1.8)

2 (1.8)

0.979

3 (1.4)

1 (0.9)

0.695

 Median [range]

1.0 [0–5]

0 [0–3]

0.104

1.0 [0–5]

0 [0–3]

0.118

 0

99 (44.4)

60 (52.6)

0.259

95 (44.6)

58 (52.3)

0.266

 1–2

107 (48.0)

49 (43.0)

103 (48.4)

49 (44.1)

  ≥ 3

17 (7.6)

5 (4.4)

15 (7.0)

4 (3.6)

Combined resection

0.295

0.574

 None

195 (87.4)

106 (93.0)

192 (90.1)

103 (92.8)

 Gallbladder

25 (11.2)

7 (6.1)

21 (9.4)

7 (6.3)

 Spleen

3 (1.3)

1 (0.9)

1 (0.5)

1 (0.9)

Tumor size (mm)

3.4 ± 1.8

3.2 ± 1.9

0.497

3.3 ± 1.7

3.2 ± 1.9

0.595

Proximal resected margin (cm)

2.6 ± 2.2

2.7 ± 2.3

0.799

2.6 ± 2.2

2.7 ± 2.4

0.702

Mean retrieved lymph nodes

46.2 ± 18.7

47.2 ± 15.8

0.603

46.8 ± 18.6

47.2 ± 15.6

0.827

Number of metastatic lymph nodes

0.8 ± 2.3

0.6 ± 2.5

0.578

0.7 ± 2.2

0.6 ± 2.5

0.880

R0 resection

223 (100)

114 (100)

–

213 (100)

111 (100)

–

Number of patients transfused

2 (0.9)

1 (0.9)

0.985

1 (0.5)

1 (0.9)

0.638

Operation time (minutes)

267.3 ± 50.3

277.6 ± 60.5

0.118

266.1 ± 49.5

278.5 ± 61.0

0.066

Hospital stay

11.9 ± 8.0

10.9 ± 6.9

0.216

11.8 ± 6.7

10.8 ± 6.7

0.222

pT category

0.201

0.274

 pT1

146 (65.5)

85 (74.6)

144 (67.6)

82 (73.9)

 pT2

44 (19.7)

15 (13.2)

41 (19.2)

15 (13.5)

 pT3

25 (11.2)

8 (7.0)

22 (10.3)

8 (7.2)

 pT4

8 (3.6)

6 (5.3)

6 (2.8)

6 (5.4)

pN category

0.250

0.413

 pN0

177 (79.4)

99 (86.8)

171 (81.2)

96 (86.5)

 pN1

22 (9.9)

6 (5.3)

20 (9.4)

6 (5.4)

 pN2

18 (8.1)

5 (4.4)

15 (7.0)

5 (4.5)

 pN3

6 (2.7)

4 (3.5)

5 (2.3)

4 (3.6)

TNM stage^a

0.497

0.741

 Stage I

174 (78.0)

95 (83.3)

169 (79.3)

92 (82.9)

 Stage II

29 (13.0)

12 (10.5)

27 (12.7)

12 (10.8)

 Stage III

20 (9.0)

7 (6.1)

17 (8.0)

7 (6.3)

 Stage IV

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

36 (16.1)

17 (14.9)

0.875

34 (16.0)

17 (15.3)

0.879