|
n
|
428
|
86 (20.1)
|
175 (40.9)
|
107 (25.0)
|
60 (14.0)
|
342 (79.9)
| |
|
Age (years)
| | | | | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Median
|
60
|
66
|
57
|
60
|
62
|
59
| |
|
Range
|
23–79
|
38–79
|
25–78
|
23–78
|
41–79
|
23–79
| |
|
Sex
| | | | | | |
0.458
|
|
Female
|
124 (29.0)
|
26 (30.2)
|
49 (28.0)
|
27 (25.2)
|
22 (36.7)
|
98 (28.7)
| |
|
Male
|
304 (71.0)
|
60 (69.8)
|
126 (72.0)
|
80 (74.8)
|
38 (63.3)
|
244 (71.3)
| |
|
BMI
| | | | | | |
0.046
|
|
Median
|
23.4
|
22.7
|
23.9
|
22.6
|
23.8
|
23.5
| |
|
Range
|
14.8–32.0
|
15.9–31.2
|
16.5–32.0
|
14.8–31.1
|
17.1–29.4
|
14.8–32.0
| |
|
Surgical approach
| | | | | | |
0.409
|
|
Traditional open
|
128 (29.9)
|
22 (25.6)
|
49 (28.0)
|
37 (34.6)
|
20 (33.3)
|
106 (31.0)
| |
|
Laparoscopic-assisted
|
286 (66.8)
|
62 (72.1)
|
121 (69.1)
|
67 (62.6)
|
36 (60.0)
|
224 (65.5)
| |
|
Conversion to open
|
14 (3.3)
|
2 (2.3)
|
5 (2.9)
|
3 (2.8)
|
4 (6.7)
|
12 (3.5)
| |
|
Intraoperative blood loss
| | | | | | |
0.323
|
|
≤ 100 ml
|
351 (82.0)
|
71 (82.6)
|
137 (78.3)
|
93 (86.9)
|
50 (83.3)
|
280 (81.9)
| |
|
>100 ml
|
77 (18.0)
|
15 (17.4)
|
38 (21.7)
|
14 (13.1)
|
10 (16.7)
|
62 (18.1)
| |
|
Postoperative complications
| | | | | | |
0.001
|
|
Negative
|
376 (87.9)
|
65 (75.6)
|
162 (92.6)
|
96 (89.7)
|
53 (88.3)
|
311 (90.9)
| |
|
Positive
|
52 (12.1)
|
21 (24.4)
|
13 (7.4)
|
11 (10.3)
|
7 (11.7)
|
31 (9.1)
| |
|
Tumor length/diameter (cm)
| | | | | | |
0.010
|
|
Median
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
4.0
|
4.0
|
5.0
|
4.2
| |
|
Range
|
0.3–19.0
|
1.5–14.3
|
0.3–19.0
|
1.5–14.0
|
2.0–13.0
|
0.3–19.0
| |
|
Histological type
| | | | | | |
0.511
|
|
High differentiation adenocarcinoma
|
3 (0.7)
|
1 (1.2)
|
1 (0.6)
|
0 (0.0)
|
1 (1.7)
|
2 (0.6)
| |
|
Median differentiation adenocarcinoma
|
84 (19.6)
|
22 (25.6)
|
31 (17.7)
|
21 (19.6)
|
10 (16.7)
|
62 (18.1)
| |
|
Low differentiation adenocarcinoma
|
173 (40.4)
|
26 (30.2)
|
78 (44.6)
|
44 (41.1)
|
25 (41.7)
|
147 (43.0)
| |
|
Median-Low differentiation adenocarcinoma
|
132(30.8)
|
30 (34.9)
|
47 (26.9)
|
35 (32.7)
|
20 (33.3)
|
102 (29.8)
| |
|
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
|
14 (3.3)
|
4 (4.7)
|
5 (2.9)
|
3 (2.8)
|
2 (3.3)
|
10 (2.9)
| |
|
Signet-ring cell carcinoma
|
22 (5.1)
|
3 (3.5)
|
13 (7.4)
|
4 (3.7)
|
2 (3.3)
|
19 (5.6)
| |
|
Vascular tumor embolus
| | | | | | |
0.080
|
|
Negative
|
183 (42.8)
|
46 (53.5)
|
75 (42.9)
|
42 (39.3)
|
20 (33.3)
|
137 (40.1)
| |
|
Positive
|
245 (57.2)
|
40 (46.5)
|
100 (57.1)
|
65 (60.7)
|
40 (66.7)
|
205 (59.9)
| |
|
Depth of Invasion (T)
| | | | | | |
0.661
|
|
T1
|
4 (0.9)
|
0 (0.0)
|
2 (1.1)
|
1 (0.9)
|
1 (1.7)
|
4 (0.9)
| |
|
T2
|
46 (10.7)
|
6 (7.0)
|
19 (10.9)
|
15 (14.0)
|
6 (10.0)
|
40 (11.7)
| |
|
T3
|
177 (41.4)
|
40 (46.5)
|
74 (42.3)
|
41 (38.3)
|
22 (36.7)
|
137 (40.1)
| |
|
T4a
|
194 (45.3)
|
38 (44.2)
|
78 (44.6)
|
49 (45.8)
|
29 (48.3)
|
156 (45.6)
| |
|
T4b
|
7 (1.6)
|
2 (2.3)
|
2 (1.1)
|
1 (0.9)
|
2 (3.3)
|
5 (1.5)
| |
|
Lymph node metastasis (N)
| | | | | | |
0.092
|
|
N0
|
91 (21.3)
|
26 (30.2)
|
38 (21.7)
|
18 (16.8)
|
9 (15.0)
|
65 (19.0)
| |
|
N1
|
108 (25.2)
|
17 (19.8)
|
43 (24.6)
|
33 (30.8)
|
15 (25.0)
|
91 (26.6)
| |
|
N2
|
105 (24.5)
|
26 (30.2)
|
38 (21.7)
|
28 (26.2)
|
13 (21.7)
|
79 (23.1)
| |
|
N3a
|
90 (21.0)
|
11 (12.8)
|
39 (22.3)
|
23 (21.5)
|
17 (28.3)
|
79 (23.1)
| |
|
N3b
|
34 (7.9)
|
6 (7.0)
|
17 (9.7)
|
5 (4.7)
|
6 (10.0)
|
28 (8.2)
| |
|
TNM
| | | | | | |
0.585
|
|
II
|
166 (38.8)
|
37 (43.0)
|
68 (38.9)
|
42 (39.3)
|
19 (31.7)
|
129 (37.7)
| |
|
IIA
|
91 (21.3)
|
20 (23.3)
|
38 (21.7)
|
23 (21.5)
|
10 (16.7)
| | |
|
IIB
|
75 (17.5)
|
17 (19.8)
|
30 (17.1)
|
19 (17.8)
|
9 (15.0)
| | |
|
III
|
262 (61.2)
|
49 (57.0)
|
107 (61.1)
|
65 (60.7)
|
41 (68.3)
|
213 (62.3)
| |
|
IIIA
|
139 (32.5)
|
30 (34.9)
|
54 (30.9)
|
36 (33.6)
|
19 (31.7)
| | |
|
IIIB
|
89 (20.8)
|
13 (15.1)
|
36 (20.6)
|
24 (22.4)
|
16 (26.7)
| | |
|
IIIC
|
34 (7.9)
|
6 (7.0)
|
17 (9.7)
|
5 (4.7)
|
6 (10.0)
| | |
|
Serum CEA level
| | | | | | |
0.184
|
|
≤ 5 ng/ml
|
340 (79.4)
|
65 (75.6)
|
148 (84.6)
|
82 (76.6)
|
45 (75.0)
|
275 (80.4)
| |
|
>5 ng/ml
|
88 (20.6)
|
21 (24.4)
|
27 (15.4)
|
25 (23.4)
|
15 (25.0)
|
67 (19.6)
| |
|
Serum CA199 level
| | | | | | |
0.272
|
|
≤ 37 U/ml
|
371 (86.7)
|
71 (82.6)
|
156 (89.1)
|
95 (88.8)
|
49 (81.7)
|
300 (87.7)
| |
|
>37 U/ml
|
57 (13.3)
|
15 (17.4)
|
19 (10.9)
|
12 (11.2)
|
11 (18.3)
|
42 (12.3)
| |
|
Recurrence
| | | | | | |
0.008
|
|
Negative
|
262 (61.2)
|
43 (50.0)
|
119 (68.0)
|
70 (65.4)
|
30 (50.0)
|
219 (64.0)
| |
|
Positive
|
166 (38.8)
|
43 (50.0)
|
56 (32.0)
|
37 (34.6)
|
30 (50.0)
|
123 (36.0)
| |
|
Survival
| | | | | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Alive
|
283 (66.1)
|
45 (52.3)
|
129 (73.7)
|
77 (72.0)
|
32 (53.3)
|
238 (69.6)
| |
|
Dead
|
145 (33.9)
|
41 (47.7)
|
46 (26.3)
|
30 (28.0)
|
28 (46.7)
|
104 (30.4)
| |
