Fig. 1

Effects of USMB and HT on tumour cell death. High magnification light microscope images of A TUNEL and B H&E stained histological sections of PC3 xenografts. A Representative images of PC3 xenograft treated with 1% microbubble stimulated at varying US pulses 246 kPa & 570 kPa and varied HT (10, 40, and 50 min). An increase in HT duration combined with USMB demonstrated higher cell death (brown color). Scale bar: 50 μm. B H&E-stained PC3 xenografts captured with a high magnification light microscope revealed a significantly higher number of distorted nuclei in the combined USMB and HT treated group compared to the untreated group or USMB alone. Combined treated cells exhibited morphological characteristics of apoptosis as well as necrosis. Scale bar: 50 μm. The image represents a representative experiment (from 3 to 4 independent experiments)