Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age (year)

62 (23–89)

62 (35–89)

63 (23–88)

Sex

 Female

208 (46.2%)

139 (46.3%)

69 (46.0%)

 Male

242 (53.8%)

161 (53.7%)

81 (54.0%)

Malignancy type

 ICC

99 (22.0%)

65 (21.7%)

34 (22.7%)

 ECC

225 (50.0%)

152 (50.7%)

73 (48.7%)

 GBC

126 (28.0%)

83 (27.6%)

43 (28.6%)

Tumor differentiation

[425]

[286]

[139]

 Poor

162 (38.1%)

106 (37.1%)

56 (40.3%)

 Modest-well

263 (61.9%)

180 (62.9%)

83 (59.7%)

Tumor size (cm)

2.5 (0.2–18.0)

2.5 (0.2–18.0)

2.2 (2.0—13.0)

TNM stage

 I

141 (31.3%)

100 (33.3%)

41 (27.3%)

 II

131 (29.1%)

84 (28.0%)

47 (31.3%)

 III

127 (28.2%)

82 (27.3%)

45 (30.00%)

 IV

51 (11.4%)

34 (11.4%)

17 (11.4%)

Curative surgery

[447]

[297]

 No

190 (42.5%)

123 (41.4%)

67 (44.7%)

 Yes

257 (57.5%)

174 (58.6%)

83 (55.3%)

Jaundice

 No

210 (46.7%)

136 (45.3%)

74 (49.3%)

 Yes

240 (53.3%)

164 (54.7%)

76 (50.7%)

Diabetes

 No

362 (84.4%)

246 (82.0%)

116 (77.3%)

 Yes

88 (19.6%)

54 (18.0%)

34 (22.7%)

Hypertension

 No

314 (69.8%)

201 (67.0%)

113 (75.3%)

 Yes

136 (30.2%)

99 (33.0%)

37 (24.7%)

Fatty liver

 No

422 (93.8%)

278 (92.7%)

144 (96.0%)

 Yes

28 (6.2%)

22 (7.3%)

6 (4.0%)

Liver cirrhosis

 No

435 (96.7%)

288 (96.0%)

147 (98.0%)

 Yes

15 (3.3%)

12 (4.0%)

3 (2.0%)

FBG (g/L)

3.765 (1.53–13.00)

3.74 (1.53–13.00)

3.77 (1.61–12.50)

PT (s)

11.7 (2.4–18.3)

11.7 (2.4–18.3)

11.7 (9.7–18.2)

PTA (%)

91.25 (43.5–126.4)

91.7 (43.5–126.4)

90.4 (49.8–116.6)

INR

1.00 (0.75–3.71)

0.995 (0.75–3.71)

1.01 (0.80–1.92)

APTT (s)

26.4 (17.2–51.3)

26.45 (17.2–51.3)

26.35 (19.1–48.1)

APTT-R

0.98 (0.63–2.75)

0.98 (0.63–2.75)

0.975 (0.71–1.77)

TT (s)

18.0 (10.2–24.4)

18.1 (10.2–24.4)

17.8 (14.2–22.5)

PLT (×10⁹/L)

227 (76–773)

228.5 (92–773)

224 (76–506)

CA19–9 (U/mL)

[438]

[290]

[148]

 ≤ 37

124 (28.3%)

83 (28.6%)

41 (27.7%)

 > 37

314 (71.7%)

207 (71.4%)

107 (72.3%)

ALT (U/L)

 ≤ 40

177 (39.3%)

121 (40.3%)

56 (37.3%)

 > 40

273 (60.7%)

179 (59.7%)

94 (62.7%)

AST (U/L)

[429]

[290]

[139]

 ≤ 40

186 (43.4%)

132 (45.5%)

54 (38.8%)

 > 40

243 (56.6%)

158 (54.5%)

85 (61.2%)

GGT (U/L)

[432]

[293]

[139]

 ≤ 40

82 (19.0%)

55 (18.8%)

27 (19.4%)

 > 40

350 (81.0%)

238 (81.2%)

112 (80.6%)

ALB (g/L)

[448]

[299]

[149]

 ≤ 35

89 (19.9%)

58 (19.4%)

31 (20.8%)

 > 35

359 (80.1%)

241 (80.6%)

118 (79.2%)

Blood loss during surgery (mL)

300 (0–8000)

300 (0–8000)

300 (0–4000)

Postoperative hospitalization (day)

14 (1–155)

14 (1–155)

12 (2–91)

Postoperative complication

 No

284

193

91

 Yes

166

107

59