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Table 1 The baseline characteristics of studying variables by mortality status

From: The association of minerals intake in three meals with cancer and all-cause mortality: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2014

Variables

Other participants

(N = 26,854)

Death due to cancer

(N = 601)

P-value

Age (years)

48.8 (18.8)

67.9 (13.1)

< 0.001

Men (%)

12,997 (48.4)

358 (59.6)

< 0.001

Non-Hispanic white (%)

12,568 (46.8)

330 (54.9)

< 0.001

Current smoking (%)

6714 (25.0)

136 (22.6)

0.660

Current drinking (%)

17,160 (63.9)

392 (65.2)

0.004

College graduate or above (%)

13,508 (50.3)

362 (60.3)

< 0.001

>$ 100,000 annual household income (%)

5639 (21.0)

185 (30.8)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

28.7 (6.7)

28.4 (6.1)

0.011

Regular exercise (%)

6311 (23.5)

110 (18.3)

0.03

Dietary supplement use (%)

13,185 (49.1)

346 (57.6)

< 0.001

Hypertension (%)

11,010 (41.0)

385 (64.1)

< 0.001

Diabetes (%)

4109 (15.3)

160 (26.6)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia (%)

8566 (31.9)

254 (42.3)

< 0.001

Total energy intake (kcal/d)

2048.5 (793.6)

1825.6 (712.9)

< 0.001

Total calcium intake (g/d)

913.4 (485.7)

804.2 (450.5)

0.036

Total potassium intake (g/d)

2630.5 (1052.9)

2527.4 (1061.3)

0.864

Total magnesium intake (g/d)

288.8 (123.6)

262.3 (112.3)

0.041

AHEI

52.7 (13.5)

50.3 (13.3)

0.549

Breakfast skipping (%)

1611 (6.0)

30 (5.0)

0.382

Dietary Supplements Taken (%)

13,185 (49.1)

346 (57.6)

< 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables are presented as frequencies (percentages)
  2. Hypertension was defined by a self-reported diagnosis, the systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or the diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg
  3. Hyperlipidemia was defined as serum triglyceride≥2.26 mmol/L, or serum cholesterol≥6.22 mmol/L, or low-density lipoprotein≥4.14 mmol/L.
  4. Diabetes was defined by a self-reported diagnosis, anHbA1c level ≥ 6.5%, or a fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.
  5. AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index