Table 1 Frequencies of characteristics of studies classified as medical reversals in Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), and Lancet Oncology (2009–2018)
JAMA Oncology (N = 4) | JCO (N = 32) | Lancet Oncology (N = 28) | Combined (N = 64) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum duration of time (years) that reversal was practiced, median (range) | 11·5 (9–17) | 8 (1–37) | 8 (1–50) | 9 (1–50) |
Funding category, n (%) | ||||
Industry | 1 (25) | 8 (27) | 5 (19) | 14 (23) |
Non-industry | 3 (75) | 15 (50) | 18 (67) | 36 (59) |
Combination of industry and non-industry | 0 | 7 (23) | 4 (15) | 11 (18) |
Not indicated | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Reversal category, n (%) | ||||
Medication | 1 (25) | 17 (53) | 10 (36) | 28 (44) |
Radiation | 0 | 5 (16) | 5 (18) | 10 (16) |
Procedure | 1 (25) | 1 (3) | 7 (25) | 9 (14) |
Optimization | 0 | 1 (3) | 5 (18) | 6 (9) |
Supplement/dietary | 2 (50) | 4 (12) | 0 | 6 (9) |
Behavioral | 0 | 4 (12) | 0 | 4 (6) |
Screening test | 0 | 0 | 1 (4) | 1 (2) |
Drug category, n (%) | ||||
Targeted | 1 (100) | 5 (29) | 5 (50) | 11 (39) |
Cytotoxic | 0 | 3 (18) | 3 (30) | 6 (21) |
Hormone | 0 | 1 (6) | 1 (10) | 2 (7) |
Other | 0 | 8 (47) | 1 (10) | 9 (32) |
Tumor type, n (%) | ||||
General | 2 (50) | 13 (41) | 3 (11) | 18 (28) |
Lung | 1 (25) | 5 (16) | 7 (25) | 13 (20) |
Breast | 0 | 3 (9) | 7 (25) | 10 (16) |
Prostate | 0 | 2 (6) | 2 (7) | 4 (6) |
Colorectal | 0 | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | 3 (5) |
Hepatocellular | 0 | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | 2 (3) |
Endometrial | 0 | 2 (6) | 0 | 2 (3) |
Lymphoma | 0 | 2 (6) | 0 | 2 (3) |
Sarcoma | 0 | 0 | 2 (7) | 2 (3) |
Skin | 0 | 0 | 2 (7) | 2 (3) |
Other | 1 (25) | 3 (9) | 2 (7) | 6 (9) |