Prediction of early vascular cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in spine metastases: the Peking University First Hospital Score (PUFHS)

Table 2 The characteristic comparison of patients in the training and validation group

Characteristics	The training group (n = 204)	The validation group (n = 204)	P-values
Age (years, mean ± SD)	67.78 ± 10.12	67.85 ± 10.44	0.95
Gender
Male	121	129	0.42
Female	83	75	0.42
Primary cancer types
Slow growth	56	60	0.90
Moderate growth	31	31
Rapid growth	117	113
Preoperative treatments
Topical treatments	74	72	0.98
Systematic treatments	70	71
No treatment	60	61
Number of treated vertebrae levels
1	76	80	0.77
2	47	53
3	36	31
≥ 4	45	40
Vertebrae collapse
No collapse	121	124	0.77
Less than 50%	56	50
More than 50%	27	30
Cortical osteolytic destruction in posterior wall
Yes	86	88	0.84
No	118	116	0.84
Vertebral endplate fracture
Yes	39	37	0.80
No	165	167	0.80
The Bilsky scale
0	157	156	0.96
1	22	20
2	20	23
3	5	5
Appearance of spine metastases
Mixed lesions	33	37	0.60
Osteolytic lesions	171	167	0.60
Load-bearing lines of spine
Normal	180	176	0.55
Abnormal	24	28	0.55
Vascular cement leakage
Yes	57	51	0.50
No	147	153	0.50
The total number of included vertebrae	495	467	N.A.
Sites of vertebra
Cervical	7	5	0.93
Thoracic	241	222
Lumbar	218	210
Sacral	29	30

ISSN: 1471-2407