Clinical impact of abdominal versus mediastinal metastases as a prognostic factor for poor outcomes following esophageal cancer surgery: a retrospective study

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for locoregional and systemic relapse-free survival

Factor	Category	Locoregional recurrence-free survival				Systemic recurrence-free survival
		Univariate	Multivariate			Univariate	Multivariate
		p value	p value	HR^a	(95% CI^b)	p value	p value	HR	(95% CI)
Age	< 70 (vs. ≥70)	0.057				0.408
Sex	Male (vs. Female)	0.707				0.009*	0.015*	2.759	(1.217–6.253)
Body mass index	< 20 (vs. ≥20)	0.425				0.566
Tumor location	Ut^c (vs. Mt^d or Lt^e)	0.224				0.338
Histology	non-SCC^f (vs. SCC)	0.368				0.292
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	Present (vs. Absent)	0.040*	0.417	1.486	(0.572–3.862)	0.663
Adjuvant chemotherapy	Present (vs. Absent)	0.971				0.019*	0.128	2.764	(0.746–10.239)
cT factor	cT2–3 (vs. T1)	0.021*	0.027*	2.743	(1.121–6.714)	0.089
Clinical mediastinal lymph node metastasis	Present (vs. Absent)	0.045*	0.493	1.318	(0.599–2.897)	0.050	0.898	1.064	(0.411–2.756)
Clinical abdominal lymph node metastasis	Present (vs. Absent)	0.116				0.000*	0.000*	4.520	(2.028–10.072)
Thoracic approach	VATS^g (vs. OT^h)	0.018*	0.104	0.534	(0.250–1.138)	0.013*	0.194	0.569	(0.243–1.332)
Abdominal approach	HALSⁱ (vs. OL^j)	0.085				0.579
Reconstruction route	mediastinal or antethoracic (vs. Retrosternal)	0.718				0.104

^aHR hazard ratio, ^bCI confidence interval, ^cUt Upper thoracic, ^dMt Middle thoracic, ^eLt Lower thoracic, ^fSCC squamous cell carcinoma, ^gVATS Video assisted thoracic surgery, ^hOT Open thoracotomy, ⁱHALS Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, ^jOL Open Laparotomy. *: p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2407