Clinical impact of abdominal versus mediastinal metastases as a prognostic factor for poor outcomes following esophageal cancer surgery: a retrospective study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical, surgery-related prognostic factors for postoperative survival

Factor	Category	Cause-specific survival				Recurrence-free survival
		Univariate	Multivariate			Univariate	Multivariate
		p value	p value	HR^a	(95% CI^b)	p value	p value	HR	(95% CI^b)
Age	< 70 (vs. ≥70)	0.853				0.129
Sex	Male (vs. Female)	0.796				0.398
Body mass index	< 20 (vs. ≥20)	0.378				0.328
Tumor location	Ut^c (vs. Mt^d or Lt^e)	0.868				0.791
Histology	non-SCC^f (vs. SCC)	0.113				0.017*	0.088	1.760	(0.919–3.369)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	Present (vs. Absent)	0.689				0.138
Adjuvant chemotherapy	Present (vs. Absent)	0.007*	0.325	1.731	(0.581–5.155)	0.120
cT factor	cT2–3 (vs. T1)	0.054	0.871	0.926	(0.366–2.343)	0.004*	0.205	1.558	(0.784–3.094)
Clinical mediastinal lymph node metastasis	Present (vs. Absent)	0.023*	0.811	0.908	(0.413–1.998)	0.005*	0.699	1.131	(0.607–2.108)
Clinical abdominal lymph node metastasis	Present (vs. Absent)	0.000*	0.000*	3.917	(1.860–8.250)	0.000*	0.007*	2.162	(1.237–3.781)
Thoracic approach	VATS^g (vs. OT^h)	0.000*	0.017*	0.387	(0.178–0.842)	0.001*	0.021*	0.514	(0.292–0.902)
Abdominal approach	HALSⁱ (vs. OL^j)	0.170				0.100
Reconstruction route	mediastinal or antethoracic (vs. Retrosternal)	0.105				0.398

^aHR hazard ratio, ^bCI confidence interval, ^cUt Upper thoracic, ^dMt Middle thoracic, ^eLt Lower thoracic, ^fSCC squamous cell carcinoma, ^gVATS Video assisted thoracic surgery, ^hOT Open thoracotomy, ⁱHALS Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, ^jOL Open Laparotomy. *: p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2407