Clinical impact of abdominal versus mediastinal metastases as a prognostic factor for poor outcomes following esophageal cancer surgery: a retrospective study

Table 1 Differences in clinical factors between patients with and without mediastinal or abdominal lymph node metastases

Factor	Variables	All patients (N = 157)	cMLNM^a			cALNM^b
Factor	Variables	All patients (N = 157)	Absent (N = 106)	Present (N = 51)	p value	Absent (N = 112)	Present (N = 45)	p value
Sex	Male	132	88	44		94	38
Sex	Female	25	18	7	0.393	18	7	0.573
Age (years)	Mean ± SD^c	69 ± 7.0	69.2 ± 7.2	68.3 ± 8.8	0.895	69 ± 6	67 ± 8	0.091
Body mass index	Mean ± SD	21.6 ± 2.9	21.7 ± 3.2	21.8 ± 2.7	0.734	21.7 ± 3.0	21.4 ± 2.7	0.604
Tumor location	Ut^d	16	9	7		15	1
	Mt^e	59	38	21		47	12
	Lt^f	82	59	23	0.383	50	32	0.006*
Histology	SCC^g	134	93	41		98	36
Histology	non-SCC	23	13	10	0.164	14	9	0.17
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	Absent	80	65	15		67	13
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	Present	77	41	36	0.000*	45	32	0.000*
Adjuvant chemotherapy	Absent	150	103	47		110	40
Adjuvant chemotherapy	Present	7	3	4	0.155	2	5	0.021*
Clinical tumor depth	T1	58	50	8		53	5
	T2	21	15	6		14	7
	T3	98	41	37	0.000*	45	33	0.000*
Clinical mediastinal lymph node metastasis	Absent	106	106	0		87	19
Clinical mediastinal lymph node metastasis	Present	51	0	51	0.000*	25	26	0.000*
Clinical abdominal lymph node metastasis	Absent	112	87	25		112	0
Clinical abdominal lymph node metastasis	Present	47	19	26	0.000*	0	47	0.000*
Thoracic approach	OT^h	63	31	32		34	29
Thoracic approach	VATSⁱ	94	75	19	0.000*	78	16	0.000*
Abdominal approach	OL^j	65	38	26		36	28
Abdominal approach	HALS^k	77	68	25	0.052	76	17	0.001*

^acMLNM clinical mediastinal lymph node metastasis, ^bcALNM clinical abdominal lymph node metastasis, ^cSD standard deviation, ^dUt upper thoracic, ^eMt middle thoracic, ^fLt lower thoracic, ^gSCC squamous cell carcinoma, ^hOT open thoracotomy, ^IVATS video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, ^jOL open laparotomy, ^kHALS hand-assisted surgery. *p < 0.05

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