Table 2 Characteristics of the cancer survivors
Variables | Total N = 322 | Distress < 4 n = 176 | Distress ≥4 n = 146 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (range) | 50 (25–79) | 51 (32–79) | 49 (25–73) | 0.043 |
  < 50 years | 261 (81.1%) | 73 (41.5%) | 78 (53.4%) |  |
  ≥ 50 years | 61 (18.9%) | 103 (58.5%) | 68 (46.6%) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.418 |
 Male | 8 (2.5%) | 6 (3.4%) | 2 (1.4%) |  |
 Female | 314 (97.5%) | 170 (96.6%) | 144 (98.6%) |  |
Time from end of treatment | Â | Â | Â | 0.277 |
  < 6 months | 227 (70.5%) | 129 (73.3%) | 98 (67.1%) |  |
  ≥ 6 months | 95 (29.5%) | 47 (26.7%) | 48 (32.9%) |  |
Cancer types | Â | Â | Â | 0.770 |
 Breast cancer | 277 (86.0%) | 150 (85.2%) | 127 (87.0%) |  |
 Others | 45 (14.0%) | 26 (14.8%) | 19 (13.0%) |  |
Cancer stages | Â | Â | Â | 0.646 |
 Early (I - II) | 242 (75.2%) | 130 (73.9%) | 112 (76.7%) |  |
 Advanced (III - IV) | 80 (24.8%) | 46 (26.1%) | 34 (23.3%) |  |
Op | Â | Â | Â | 0.764 |
 Not done | 11 (3.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | 4 (2.7%) |  |
 Done | 311 (96.6%) | 196 (96.0%) | 142 (97.3%) |  |
Chemotherapy | Â | Â | Â | 0.140 |
 Not done | 139 (43.2%) | 83 (47.2%) | 56 (38.4%) |  |
 Done | 183 (56.8%) | 93 (52.8%) | 90 (61.6%) |  |
Radiotherapy | Â | Â | Â | 0.533 |
 Not done | 39 (12.1%) | 19 (10.8%) | 20 (13.7%) |  |
 Done | 283 (87.9%) | 157 (89.2%) | 126 (86.3%) |  |
Other treatment | Â | Â | Â | 0.456 |
 Not done | 154 (47.8%) | 88 (50.0%) | 66 (45.2%) |  |
 Donea | 168 (52.2%) | 88 (50.0%) | 80 (54.8%) |  |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | 0.566 |
 No | 241 (74.8%) | 129 (73.3%) | 112 (76.7%) |  |
 Yes | 81 (25.2%) | 47 (26.7%) | 34 (23.3%) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.865 |
 No | 292 (90.7%) | 161 (91.5%) | 131 (89.7%) |  |
 Past | 22 (6.8%) | 11 (6.2%) | 11 (7.5%) |  |
 Current | 8 (2.5%) | 4 (2.3%) | 4 (2.7%) |  |
Drinking | Â | Â | Â | 0.368 |
 No | 299 (92.9%) | 166 (94.3%) | 133 (91.1%) |  |
 Yes | 23 (7.1%) | 10 (5.7%) | 13 (8.9%) |  |
Psychological counseling | Â | Â | Â | 0.012 |
 No | 284 (88.2%) | 163 (92.6%) | 121 (82.9%) |  |
 Yes | 38 (11.8%) | 13 (7.4%) | 25 (17.1%) |  |
Working | Â | Â | Â | 0.111 |
 No | 260 (80.7%) | 136 (77.3%) | 124 (84.9%) |  |
 Yes | 62 (19.3%) | 40 (22.7%) | 22 (15.1%) |  |
Married or living with a partner | Â | Â | Â | 0.161 |
 No | 257 (79.8%) | 146 (83.0%) | 111 (76.0%) |  |
 Yes | 65 (20.2%) | 30 (17.0%) | 35 (24.0%) |  |
Caregiver |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 None or non-family | 60 (18.6%) | 20 (11.4%) | 40 (27.4%) |  |
 Family member | 262 (81.4%) | 156 (88.6%) | 106 (72.6%) |  |
Pregnancy plan | Â | Â | Â | 1.000 |
 No | 317 (98.4%) | 173 (98.3%) | 144 (98.6%) |  |
 Yes | 5 (1.6%) | 3 (1.7%) | 2 (1.4%) |  |
Living a long distance | Â | Â | Â | 0.023 |
 No | 304 (94.4%) | 161 (91.5%) | 143 (97.9%) |  |
 Yes | 18 (5.6%) | 15 (8.5%) | 2 (1.4%) |  |
Initial scoresb | ||||
 EQ-VAS | 64 ± 19 | 67 ± 19 | 59 ± 18 | < 0.000 |
 Distress | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | < 0.000 |
 Fatigue | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 2.3 | < 0.000 |
 Pain | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 2.5 | < 0.000 |
 Insomnia | 3.1 ± 2.8 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 2.8 | < 0.000 |
 Anxiety | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.000 |
 Depression | 2.8 ± 2.8 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.000 |
Scores at 1 monthb | ||||
 EQ-VAS | 74 ± 16 | 77 ± 14 | 70 ± 17 | < 0.000 |
 Distress | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | < 0.000 |
 Fatigue | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 0.002 |
 Pain | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | < 0.000 |
 Insomnia | 1.9 ± 2.4 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 2.7 | < 0.000 |
 Anxiety | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 2.1 | < 0.000 |
 Depression | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 2.3 | < 0.000 |
Number of improved patients | ||||
 EQ-VAS | 197 (61.2%) | 102 (58.0%) | 95 (65.1%) | 0.234 |
 Distress | 182 (56.5%) | 58 (33.0%) | 124 (84.9%) | < 0.000 |
 Fatigue | 188 (58.4%) | 94 (53.4%) | 94 (64.4%) | 0.061 |
 Pain | 157 (48.8%) | 79 (44.3%) | 79 (54.1%) | 0.101 |
 Insomnia | 168 (52.2%) | 83 (47.2%) | 85 (58.2%) | 0.062 |
 Anxiety | 172 (53.4%) | 72 (40.9%) | 100 (68.5%) | < 0.000 |
 Depression | 165 (51.2%) | 61 (34.7%) | 104 (71.2%) | < 0.000 |