Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

Table 1 Associations between sex steroid hormones and the risk of female lung cancer

Variables	No. of studies	x² for heterogeneity	Model selected	OR ^a (95% CI ^b)	P for OR heterogeneity
Total	48	1249.27	Random	0.90 (0.86, 0.95)	< .001
Hormones resource					.190
Endogenesis	26	679.81	Random	0.92 (0.87, 0.98)	< .001
Exogenesis	36	419.73	Random	0.86 (0.80, 0.93)	< .001
Study design					.950
Retrospective	34	573.55	Random	0.90 (0.85, 0.96)	< .001
Prospective	14	667.58	Random	0.90 (0.81, 1.00)	< .001
Publication date					.370
1987–2007	22	232.66	Random	0.88 (0.82, 0.94)	< .001
2008–2019	26	1016.31	Random	0.92 (0.86, 0.99)	< .001

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