Table 1 Baseline characteristics of breast cancer patients (stage I-III) at diagnosis and the distribution between those with and without any metabolic comorbidity

Age (years)

1081 (100%)

606 (56.1%)

475 (43.9%)

Mean (SD)

50.94 (10.5)

52.5 (10.1)

49.0 (10.7)

< 0.001

≤35

77 (7.1%)

58 (7.1%)

50 (10.5%)

36–40

110 (10.2%)

102 (12.4%)

64 (13.5%)

41–55

526 (48.7%)

381 (46.5%)

226 (47.6%)

56–65

277 (25.6%)

201 (24.5%)

106 (22.3%)

> 65

91 (8.4%)

78 (9.5%)

39 (6.1%)

Ethnicity

Javanese

1059 (98.0%)

598 (98.7%)

461 (97.1%)

0.06

Non-Javanese

22 (2.0%)

8 (1.3%)

14 (2.9%)

Residence

Rural

768 (71%)

426 (70.3%)

342 (72%)

0.540

Urban

313 (29%)

180 (29.7%)

133 (28%)

Menarche (years)

≤12

190 (17.6%)

112 (18.5%)

78 (16.4%)

0.377

13–14

514 (47.5%)

305 (50.3%)

209 (44.0%)

≥15

377 (34.9%)

189 (31.2%)

188 (39.6%)

Menopausal status

No (pre-menopause)

306 (28.3%)

137 (22.6%)

169 (35.6%)

0.001

Yes (post-menopause)

775 (71.7%)

469 (77.4%)

306 (64.4%)

Age at menopause

≤50

593 (54.9%)

354 (58.4%)

239 (50.3%)

0.033

> 50

182 (16.8%)

115 (19.0%)

67 (14.1%)

Parity

Nulliparous

120 (11.1%)

58 (9.6%)

62 (13.1%)

0.071

Multiparous

961 (88.9%)

548 (90.4%)

413 (86.9%)

Breastfeeding

No

216 (20.0%)

114 (18.8%)

102 (21.5%)

0.277

Yes

865 (80.0%)

492 (81.2%)

373 (78.5%)

BMI

≤18.5

136 (12.6%)

49 (8.1%)

87 (18.3%)

< 0.001

18.6–25

534 (49.4%)

217 (35.8%)

317 (66.7%)

25.1–30

302 (27.9%)

231 (38.1%)

71 (14.9%)

> 30

109 (10.1%)

109 (18.0%)

0 (0%)

Family history

Yes

199 (18.4%)

99 (16.3%)

100 (21.1%)

0.057

No

882 (81.6%)

507 (83.7%)

375 (78.9%)

Histology grade

I

7 (0.6%)

1 (0.6%)

6 (1.2%)

0.058

II

210 (19.4%)

128 (21.1%)

82 (17.3%)

III

864 (79.9%)

477 (78.7%)

387 (81.5%)

Stage

I

13 (1.2%)

5 (0.8%)

8 (1.7%)

0.061

II

356 (32.9%)

217 (35.8%)

139 (29.3%)

III

712 (65.9%)

384 (63.4%)

328 (69.1%)

Tumor size

≤ 2 cm

51 (4.7%)

26 (4.3%)

25 (5.3%)

0.038

2–5 cm

311 (28.8%)

193 (31.8%)

118 (24.8%)

>  5 cm

719 (66.5%)

387 (63.9%)

332 (69.9%)

Node status

N0

301 (27.8%)

181 (29.9%)

120 (25.3%)

0.220

N1

547 (50.6%)

306 (50.5%)

241 (50.7%)

N2

191 (17.7%)

97 (16.0%)

94 (19.8%)

N3

42 (3.9%)

22 (3.6%)

20 (4.2%)

Adjuvant endocrine therapy

No

462 (42.7%)

234 (38.6%)

228 (48.0%)

0.001

Tamoxifen

319 (29.5%)

176 (29.0%)

143 (30.1%)

Aromatase inhibitor

300 (27.8%)

196 (32.3%)

104 (21.9%)

Subtype

Luminal-B (N = 497)

497 (46.0%)

297 (59.8%)

200 (40.2%)

0.02

Luminal-B (N = 123)

123 (11.4%)

78 (63.4%)

45 (36.6%)

Her2- enriched (N = 174)

174 (16.1%)

95 (54.6%)

79 (45.4%)

TNBC (N = 287)

287 (26.5%)

135 (47.0%)

152 (53.0%)

(Neo-)/Adjuvant chemotherapy

No

92 (8.5%)

39 (6.4%)

53 (11.2%)

0.006

Yes

989 (91.5%)

567 (93.6%)

422 (88.8%)

Adjuvant radiotherapy

No

285 (26.4%)

157 (25.9%)

128 (26.9%)

0.700

Yes

796 (73.6%)

449 (74.1%)

347 (73.1%)

Surgery

Mastectomy

975 (90.2%)

540 (89.1%)

435 (91.6%)

0.351

BCT

99 (9.2%)

61 (10.1%)

38 (8.0%)

Biopsy

7 (0.6%)

5 (0.8%)

2 (0.4%)

Metabolic comorbidities

DM or glucose intolerance

287 (26.5%)

287 (26.5%)

0 (0%)

–

Dyslipidemia

299 (27.7%)

299 (27.7%)

0 (0%)

Hypertension

464 (42.9%)

464 (42.9%)

0 (0%)

BMI risk (> 27.7)

252 (23.3%)

252 (23.3%)

0 (0%)