Fig. 5

In vivo antitumor efficacy of combination of lapatinib, trametinib and copanlisib comparing with other treatment conditions including vehicle, lapatinib (100 mg/kg), lapatinib plus trametinib (0.3 mg/kg), lapatinib plus copanlisib (1 mg/kg), trametinib plus copanlisib, and 5-FU (50 mg/kg). Tumor volumes of these xenografts are shown on the left and their tumor mass after 3 weeks of treatment are shown on the right. a A schematic diagram for in vivo drug treatment experiment with mouse xenograft model. b The synergistic effect of trametinib, copanlisib and lapatinib in N87-PTEN⁻/⁻ gastric cancer xenograft model comparing with other treatment conditions. Tumor sizes were measured twice a week and tumor masses were measured at the end of experiment. Tumor volume and mass were presented as mean. Error bars, SD. c The antitumor effect of trametinib, copanlisib and lapatinib in N87-CSK⁻/⁻ gastric cancer xenograft model comparing with other treatment conditions. Tumor sizes were measured twice a week and tumor masses were measured at the end of experiment. Tumor volume and mass were presented as mean. Error bars, SD. Unpaired Student’s t test indicated the following: *significant difference between the indicated two groups, p < 0.05; **significant difference between the indicated two groups, p < 0.01