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Table 2 Clinical characteristics, adjusted PSA values, volume-adjusted PSA parameters and TRUS findings in patients with gray zone PSA levels

From: Is PSA density of the peripheral zone as a useful predictor for prostate cancer in patients with gray zone PSA levels?

 

Pathologic report of prostate biopsy

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

Non-Prostate Ca. (n = 152)

Prostate Ca. (n = 152)

Age (years)a

67.8 ± 6.4

67.9 ± 7.0

  

0.986

Diabetes mellitusb

  

1.15

0.84–1.58

0.761

 No

125 (82.2%)

127 (83.6%)

   

 Yes

27 (17.8%)

25 (16.4%)

   

Hypertensionb

  

1.22

0.96–1.56

0.422

 No

72 (47.4%)

79 (52.0%)

   

 Yes

80 (52.6%)

73 (48.0%)

   

Hemoglobin (g/dL)a

14.5 ± 1.2

14.4 ± 1.2

  

0.902

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)a

68.5 ± 17.5

69.5 ± 18.3

  

0.669

Albumin (g/dL)a

4.2 ± 0.3

4.2 ± 0.3

  

0.670

PSA (ng/mL)a

6.8 ± 1.6

7.0 ± 1.6

  

0.077

RETzPSA (ng/mL) a

3.99 ± 1.16

4.78 ± 1.33

  

< 0.001

EPHPSA (ng/mL)a

0.95 ± 0.12

1.00 ± 0.10

  

0.001

Prostate vol.(cc)a

45.0 ± 16.8

33.7 ± 14.5

  

< 0.001

Prostate transitional vol.(cc)a

18.1 ± 11.7

11.4 ± 8.7

  

< 0.001

PSAD (ng/mL/cc)a

0.17 ± 0.07

0.24 ± 0.10

  

< 0.001

PZPSAD (ng/mL/cc)a

0.27 ± 0.10

0.35 ± 0.14

  

< 0.001

ETzD (ng/mL/cc)a

0.038 ± 0.01

0.049 ± 0.01

  

< 0.001

DRE hardnessb

  

1.99

1.21–3.27

0.006

 No

116 (76.3%)

94 (61.8%)

   

 Yes

36 (23.7%)

58 (38.2%)

   

DRE tendernessb

  

2.04

0.50–8.32

0.310

 No

149 (98.0%)

146 (96.1%)

   

 Yes

3 (2.0%)

6 (3.9%)

   

TRUS hypoechoic lesionb

  

2.86

1.65–4.94

< 0.001

 No

128 (84.2%)

99 (65.1%)

   

 Yes

24 (15.8%)

53 (34.9%)

   

TRUS calcification lesionb

  

0.54

0.34–0.86

0.010

 No

82 (53.9%)

104 (68.4%)

   

 Yes

70 (46.1%)

48 (31.6%)

   

TRUS cystic lesionb

  

0.60

0.29–1.22

0.156

 No

130 (85.5%)

138 (90.8%)

   

 Yes

22 (14.5%)

14 (9.2%)

   
  1. PSA prostate-specific antigen, RETzPSA relative extra-transitional zone PSA, EPHPSA estimated post holmium laser enucleation of the prostate PSA, PSAD PSA density, PZPSAD peripheral zone PSA density, ETzD extra transitional zone PSA density, DRE digital rectal examination, TRUS transrectal ultrasonogram
  2. aContinuous variables were analyzed by independent t test
  3. bClass variables were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test