Table 1 Participant Characteristics by Smoking Status
From: Oral cancer knowledge and screening behavior among smokers and non-smokers in rural communities
Variable | Never Smoker (n = 1206), Mean ± SD or No. (%) | Former Smoker (n = 674), Mean ± SD or No. (%) | Current Smokers (n = 380), Mean ± SD or No. (%) | Total (N = 2260), Mean ± SD or No. (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55.0 ± 15.0 | 60.1 ± 13.4 | 51.1 ± 13.5 | 55.9 ± 14.6 | < .0001 |
Gender | |||||
 Female | 744 (61.7) | 318 (47.2) | 198 (52.1) | 1260 (55.8) | < .0001 |
 Male | 462 (38.3) | 356 (52.8) | 182 (47.9) | 1000 (44.2) |  |
Race | |||||
 Black | 441 (36.6) | 117 (17.4) | 107 (28.2) | 665 (29.4) | < .0001 |
 White | 765 (63.4) | 557 (82.6) | 273 (71.8) | 1595 (70.6) |  |
Financial security (Range − 1 ~ 1) | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | −0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | < .0001 |
Education | |||||
 8th grade or less | 18 (1.5) | 13 (1.9) | 12 (3.2) | 43 (1.9) | < .0001 |
 HS (Not graduated) | 62 (5.1) | 40 (5.9) | 53 (13.9) | 155 (6.9) |  |
 HS/GED (Graduated) | 303 (25.1) | 182 (27.0) | 128 (33.7) | 613 (27.1) |  |
 Some college / 2-year degree | 337 (27.9) | 213 (31.6) | 134 (35.3) | 684 (30.3) |  |
 4-year college graduate | 217 (18.0) | 121 (18.0) | 29 (7.6) | 367 (16.2) |  |
 More than 4-year college degree | 269 (22.3) | 105 (15.6) | 24 (6.3) | 398 (17.6) |  |
Depression (CES-D) | |||||
 No | 956 (79.3) | 532 (78.9) | 236 (62.1) | 1724 (76.3) | < .0001 |
 Yes | 250 (20.7) | 142 (21.1) | 144 (37.9) | 536 (23.7) |  |
Chronic conditions | |||||
 0 | 479 (39.7) | 160 (23.7) | 117 (30.8) | 756 (33.5) | < .0001 |
 1 | 287 (23.8) | 163 (24.2) | 82 (21.6) | 532 (23.5) |  |
  ≥ 2 | 440 (36.5) | 351 (52.1) | 181 (47.6) | 972 (43.0) |  |
Ever heard of OPC exam | |||||
 No | 635 (52.7) | 332 (49.3) | 236 (62.1) | 1203 (53.2) | .0002 |
 Yes | 571 (47.3) | 342 (50.7) | 144 (37.9) | 1057 (46.8) |  |
Concern | |||||
 Not concerned | 548 (45.4) | 254 (37.7) | 68 (17.9) | 870 (38.5) | < .0001 |
 Little concern | 411 (34.1) | 292 (43.3) | 157 (41.3) | 860 (38.1) |  |
 Very concerned | 247 (20.5) | 128 (19.0) | 155 (40.8) | 530 (23.5) |  |
Ever had OPC exam | |||||
 No | 636 (52.7) | 322 (47.8) | 249 (65.5) | 1207 (54.3) | < .0001 |
 Yes | 570 (47.3) | 352 (52.2) | 131 (34.5) | 1053 (46.6) |  |
MOSS (Range 0 ~ 4) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | .0004 |
Health literacy (Range 0 ~ 3) | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | < .0001 |