Fig. 4

Kaempferol downregulation of TGM2 and TGM2 expression is negatively correlated with PDAC prognosis. a Heatmap showing the clustering of the top 50 differentially expressed genes in PANC-1 cells treated with kaempferol (50 μM) and control cells. b and c TGM2 protein levels and mRNA levels in PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cells were decreased by kaempferol treatment compared with those observed in control cells (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). The grouping of blots cropped from different parts of the same gel or from different gels, fields, or exposures was divided with white space. d Left, antitumor activity of kaempferol (100 mg/kg) in nude mice; right, tumor weight. e Tumor sizes were calculated using the following formula: tumor volume = length × (width)2 /2 (P = 0.005). f Total mice weight. g TGM2 expression in xenograft tissue sections was examined by IHC (scale bar, 20 μm). h TGM2 transcription levels were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than in normal tissues from the GEPIA database (P < 0.01). i TGM2 transcription at different stages (P = 0.15). j and k High TGM2 mRNA expression was correlated with shorter OS (P = 0.011) and DFS (P = 0.000)