Fig. 2

Kaempferol induces pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes after treatment with 50 μM kaempferol. b and c Kaempferol increased the apoptosis in PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cells (P < 0.05). d Representative western blotting images of apoptotic phenotype markers. The ratio of Bcl2 to Bax was determined using ImageJ software. The grouping of blots cropped from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels, fields, or exposures was divided with white space. e Representative western blotting images of downregulated phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR after treatment with kaempferol. The grouping of blots cropped from different parts of the same gel or from different gels, fields, or exposures was divided with white space