Fig. 2

PIK3CA mutations promote significant marginal beneficial/adverse effects on the hazard ratio and survival probability by interacting with higher-order mutational combination elements. a The top ranked mutational combinations inducing beneficial marginal effects with a digenic marginal factor including a PIK3CA mutation. The x-axis denotes the fold-change in the hazard ratio induced by the marginal factor. “*” denotes the marginal factor. The y-axis denotes the species of the genetic combination. b The top ranked mutational combinations inducing adverse marginal effects with a digenic marginal factor including PIK3CA mutations. The x-axis denotes the fold-change in the hazard ratio induced by the marginal factor. “*” denotes the marginal factor. The y-axis denotes the species of genetic combination. c The proportion of combinations with a PIK3CA mutation as the marginal factor or as the seed mutation. The x-axis denotes the cancer type. The y-axis denotes the frequency value. d Kaplan-Meier survival curves of two patient cohorts with PIK3CA mutations presented in higher-order mutational combinations with or without remarkable marginal effects. The significance of the effects on survival was calculated by using the log-rank test. The x-axis denotes the survival time. The y-axis denotes the survival probability