High vimentin expression with E-cadherin expression loss predicts a poor prognosis after resection of grade 1 and 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Table 4 Variables associated with DFS according to Cox proportional hazards regression models

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variables	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Sex			0.040			0.735
Male	Reference			Reference
Female	2.052	1.035–4.068		NA	NA
Age, years			0.146
≤ 60	Reference
> 60	NA	NA
Symptoms			0.039			0.287
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	2.302	1.042–5.086		NA	NA
Tumor size, cm			0.032			0.572
≤ 2	Reference			Reference
> 2	2.306	1.076–4.940		NA	NA
Tumor location			0.869
Head/uncinate/neck	Reference
Body/tail	NA	NA
T-stage			0.039			0.498
T1–2	Reference			Reference
T3–4	2.102	1.040–4.249		NA	NA
Perineural invasion			0.030			0.331
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	2.665	1.099–6.462		NA	NA
LN metastasis			< 0.001			0.390
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	5.787	2.857–11.724		NA	NA
Distant metastasis			< 0.001			< 0.001
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	25.166	11.112–56.996		6.295	2.385–16.617
WHO classification			< 0.001			0.003
Grade 1	Reference			Reference
Grade 2	6.014	2.487–14.541		4.106	1.601–10.528
AJCC stage			< 0.001			0.004
I-II	Reference			Reference
III-IV	11.475	5.773–22.811		3.474	1.485–8.126
EMT markers			< 0.001			< 0.001
Other group	Reference			Reference
High vimentin and lost E-cadherin	9.836	4.904–19.724		6.565	3.180–13.553

DFS Disease-free survival, pNETs Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, LN Lymph node, AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer, EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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