High vimentin expression with E-cadherin expression loss predicts a poor prognosis after resection of grade 1 and 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Table 3 Variables associated with OS according to Cox proportional hazards regression models

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variables	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Sex			0.106
Male	Reference
Female	NA	NA
Age, years			0.097
≤ 60	Reference
> 60	NA	NA
Tumor size, cm			0.575
≤ 2	Reference
> 2	NA	NA
Symptoms			0.039			0.168
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	4.768	1.084–20.982		NA	NA
Tumor location			0.424
Head/uncinate/neck	Reference
Body/tail	NA	NA
T-stage			0.12
T1–2	Reference
T3–4	NA	NA
Perineural invasion			0.019			0.430
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	3.870	1.246–12.023		NA	NA
LN metastasis			< 0.001			0.784
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	11.916	4.433–32.028		NA	NA
Distant metastasis			< 0.001			0.690
Absent	Reference			Reference
Present	10.102	3.252–31.380		NA	NA
WHO classification			0.010			0.540
Grade 1	Reference			Reference
Grade 2	5.253	1.496–18.443		NA	NA
AJCC stage			< 0.001			< 0.001
I-II	Reference			Reference
III-IV	18.602	5.996–57.709		8.646	2.645–28.261
EMT markers			< 0.001			< 0.001
Other group	Reference			Reference
High vimentin and lost E-cadherin expression group	20.888	5.951–73.318		10.388	2.794–38.625

OS Overall survival, pNETs Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, LN Lymph node, AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer, EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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