Table 1 Patient demographics and tumor characteristics of whole cohort, derivation whole cohort, derivation cohort and validation cohort
Variables | Whole cohort (n = 903) | Derivation cohort (n = 679) | Validation cohort (n = 224) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | Â | Â | Â | 0.869 |
  > 60 | 270 (29.9) | 204 (30.0) | 66 (29.5) |  |
  ≤ 60 | 633 (70.1) | 475 (70.0) | 158 (70.5) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.743 |
 Male | 772 (85.5) | 579 (85.3) | 193 (86.2) |  |
 Female | 131 (14.5) | 100 (14.7) | 31 (13.8) |  |
HBsAg | Â | Â | Â | 0.339 |
 Positive | 760 (84.2) | 576 (84.8) | 184 (82.1) |  |
 Negative | 143 (15.8) | 103 (15.2) | 40 (17.9) |  |
HBeAg | Â | Â | Â | 0.522 |
 Positive | 255 (28.2) | 188 (27.7) | 67 (29.9) |  |
 Negative | 648 (71.8) | 491 (72.3) | 157 (70.1) |  |
HBV-DNA, IU/mL | Â | Â | Â | 0.847 |
  > 104 | 392 (43.4) | 296 (43.6) | 96 (42.9) |  |
  ≤ 104 | 511 (56.6) | 383 (56.4) | 128 (57.1) |  |
Antiviral therapy | Â | Â | Â | 0.274 |
 Yes | 431 (47.7) | 317 (46.7) | 114 (50.9) |  |
 No | 472 (52.3) | 362 (53.3) | 110 (49.1) |  |
PT, s | Â | Â | Â | 0.180 |
  > 13 | 333 (36.9) | 242 (35.6) | 91 (40.6) |  |
  ≤ 13 | 570 (63.1) | 437 (64.4) | 133 (59.4) |  |
T-Bil, μmol/L |  |  |  | 0.580 |
  > 17.1 | 261 (28.9) | 193 (28.4) | 68 (30.4) |  |
  ≤ 17.1 | 642 (71.1) | 486 (71.6) | 156 (69.6) |  |
ALB, g/L | Â | Â | Â | 0.152 |
  > 40 | 351 (38.9) | 273 (40.2) | 78 (34.8) |  |
  ≤ 40 | 552 (61.1) | 406 (59.8) | 146 (65.2) |  |
ALT, U/L | Â | Â | Â | 0.324 |
  > 40 | 318 (35.2) | 233 (34.3) | 85 (37.9) |  |
  ≤ 40 | 585 (64.8) | 446 (65.7) | 139 (62.1) |  |
AST, U/L | Â | Â | Â | 0.119 |
  > 40 | 383 (42.4) | 278 (40.9) | 105 (46.9) |  |
  ≤ 40 | 520 (57.6) | 401 (59.1) | 119 (53.1) |  |
GGT, U/L | Â | Â | Â | 0.509 |
  > 60 | 350 (38.8) | 259 (38.1) | 91 (40.6) |  |
  ≤ 60 | 553 (61.2) | 420 (61.9) | 133 (59.4) |  |
Ascites | Â | Â | Â | 0.719 |
 Yes | 95 (10.5) | 70 (10.3) | 25 (11.2) |  |
 No | 808 (89.5) | 609 (89.7) | 199 (88.8) |  |
Child-Pugh grade | Â | Â | Â | 0.793 |
 A | 839 (92.9) | 630 (92.8) | 209 (93.3) |  |
 B | 64 (7.1) | 49 (7.2) | 15 (6.7) |  |
AFP, ng/mL | Â | Â | Â | 0.218 |
  > 400 | 312 (34.6) | 227 (33.4) | 85 (37.9) |  |
  ≤ 400 | 591 (65.4) | 452 (66.6) | 139 (62.1) |  |
CSPH | Â | Â | Â | 0.388 |
 Yes | 95 (10.5) | 68 (10.0) | 27 (12.1) |  |
 No | 808 (89.5) | 611 (90.0) | 197 (87.9) |  |
Tumour size, cm | Â | Â | Â | 0.054 |
  > 5 | 486 (53.8) | 353 (52.0) | 133 (59.4) |  |
  ≤ 5 | 417 (46.2) | 326 (48.0) | 91 (40.6) |  |
Tumour number | Â | Â | Â | 0.114 |
 Multiple | 191 (21.2) | 152 (22.4) | 39 (17.4) |  |
 Single | 712 (78.8) | 527 (77.6) | 185 (82.6) |  |
Cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | 0.760 |
 Yes | 403 (44.6) | 305 (44.9) | 98 (43.8) |  |
 No | 500 (55.4) | 374 (55.1) | 126 (56.3) |  |
Tumor differentiation | Â | Â | Â | 0.060 |
 Grade III or IV | 420 (46.5) | 328 (48.3) | 92 (41.1) |  |
 Grade I or II | 483 (53.5) | 351 (51.7) | 132 (58.9) |  |
Tumor encapsulation | Â | Â | Â | 0.678 |
 Complete | 485 (53.7) | 362 (53.3) | 123 (54.9) |  |
 None/incomplete | 418 (46.3) | 317 (46.7) | 101 (45.1) |  |
Microvascular invasion | Â | Â | Â | 0.195 |
 Yes | 331 (36.7) | 257 (37.8) | 74 (33.0) |  |
 No | 572 (63.3) | 422 (62.2) | 150 (67.0) |  |
Satellite nodules | Â | Â | Â | 0.600 |
 Yes | 77 (8.5) | 56 (8.2) | 21 (9.4) |  |
 No | 826 (91.5) | 623 (91.8) | 203 (90.6) |  |
Necrosis | Â | Â | Â | 0.959 |
 Yes | 473 (52.4) | 356 (52.4) | 117 (52.2) |  |
 No | 430 (47.6) | 323 (47.6) | 107 (47.8) |  |
Resection margin, cm | Â | Â | Â | 0.816 |
  > 1 | 86 (9.5) | 64 (9.4) | 22 (9.8) |  |
  ≤ 1 | 817 (90.5) | 615 (90.6) | 202 (90.2) |  |
Operation time, min | Â | Â | Â | 0.384 |
  > 200 | 365 (40.4) | 280 (41.2) | 85 (37.9) |  |
  ≤ 200 | 538 (59.6) | 399 (58.8) | 139 (62.1) |  |
Blood loss, mL | Â | Â | Â | 0.661 |
  > 400 | 244 (27.0) | 186 (27.4) | 58 (25.9) |  |
  ≤ 400 | 659 (73.0) | 493 (72.6) | 166 (74.1) |  |
Blood transfusion | Â | Â | Â | 0.380 |
 Yes | 99 (11.0) | 78 (11.5) | 21 (9.4) |  |
 No | 804 (89.0) | 601 (88.5) | 203 (90.6) |  |
Extent of resection | Â | Â | Â | 0.391 |
 Major resection | 361 (40.0) | 266 (39.2) | 95 (42.4) |  |
 Minor resection | 542 (60.0) | 413 (60.8) | 129 (57.6) |  |