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Table 8 Time-Lagged Spatiotemporal Models

From: A geospatiotemporal and causal inference epidemiological exploration of substance and cannabinoid exposure as drivers of rising US pediatric cancer rates

Lagged Variables

Parameter

Model

Parameter

Estimate (C.I.)

P-Value

LogLik

S.D.

Model Parameter

Estimate

P-Value

Cannabis, 2

Full model - 2 Lags - Just Lagging Cannabis

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Caucasian-American

5.3 (3.63, 6.97)

5.3E-10

− 1329.42

1.8583

phi

0.1690

0.0037

Asian-American

0.63 (0.31, 0.95)

1.3E-04

  

psi

0.1476

0.0018

Hispanic-American

0.54 (0.21, 0.86)

0.0013

  

rho

−0.4435

8.3E-04

AIAN-American

−11.33 (−18.34, −4.32)

0.0015

  

lambda

0.4234

9.1E-06

Cannabis, 4

Full model - 4 Lags - Just Lagging Cannabis

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Caucasian-American

4.81 (2.92, 6.7)

6.1E-07

− 1130.71

1.8616

phi

0.2095

0.0031

Asian-American

0.67 (0.31, 1.03)

0.0003

  

psi

0.1134

0.0356

Hispanic-American

0.55 (0.18, 0.92)

0.0037

  

rho

−0.5410

3.0E-05

Cigarettes: Cannabis: Analgesics

261.1 (19.06, 503.15)

0.0345

  

lambda

0.4597

9.1E-07

Cannabis: Analgesics

−107.34 (−193.09, −21.6)

0.0141

     

AIAN-American

−12.1 (− 19.56, −4.64)

0.0015

     

Cannabis, 6

Full model - 6 Lags - Just Lagging Cannabis

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Caucasian-American

7.54 (3.96, 11.12)

3.6E-05

−936.96

1.9697

phi

0.2705

0.0022

Asian-American

0.95 (0.34, 1.54)

0.0020

  

psi

0.0992

0.1012

Cannabis

8.49 (1.47, 15.5)

0.0177

  

rho

0.4222

0.0006

Hispanic-American

0.7 (0.11, 1.29)

0.0202

  

lambda

−0.4083

0.0059

Cannabis: Analgesics

−47.05 (−79.05, −15.03)

0.0040

     
 

Full Model - 1 Temporal Lag

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Cigarettes, 1

Caucasian-American

5.42 (3.72, 7.12)

4.6E-10

− 1426.33

1.8466

phi

0.1684

0.0027

Alcohol, 1

Asian-American

0.67 (0.33, 1)

0.0001

  

psi

0.1408

0.0016

Cannabis, 1

Hispanic-American

0.56 (0.22, 0.9)

0.0014

  

rho

−0.4380

0.0009

Analgesics, 1

Cannabis

7.88 (1.7, 14.06)

0.0125

  

lambda

0.4226

1.2E-05

Cocaine, 1

Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

182.23 (29.55, 334.9)

0.0193

     

AIAN-American

−9.03 (−16.1, −1.96)

0.0123

     

Cannabis: Alcohol

− 114.28 (− 198.3, −30.27)

0.0077

     
 

Full Model - 2 Temporal Lags

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Cigarettes, 2

Caucasian-American

9.62 (6.82, 12.43)

1.7E-11

− 1317.36

1.8519

phi

0.1408

0.0083

Alcohol, 2

Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

658.72 (396.6, 920.84)

8.4E-07

  

psi

0.1469

0.0018

Cannabis, 2

Asian-American

1.32 (0.75, 1.89)

6.4E-06

  

rho

0.3276

0.0126

Analgesics, 2

Alcohol: Analgesics

306.67 (143.27, 470.07)

0.0002

  

lambda

−0.2888

0.0462

Cocaine, 2

Hispanic-American

0.69 (0.26, 1.12)

0.0016

     

Income

−2.15 (−4.22, −0.08)

0.0415

     

Cannabis: Alcohol: Analgesics

− 1810.02 (− 2618.86, − 1001.18)

1.2E-05

     

Cigarettes: Alcohol

− 133.02 (−184.5, −81.54)

4.1E-07

     
 

Full Model - 4 Temporal Lags

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Cigarettes, 4

Caucasian-American

5.25 (3.17, 7.33)

7.6E-07

− 1129.73

1.8795

phi

0.1863

0.0058

Alcohol, 4

Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

472.69 (145.49, 799.88)

0.0046

  

psi

0.1341

0.0127

Cannabis, 4

Asian-American

0.56 (0.16, 0.95)

0.0055

  

rho

−0.4598

0.0040

Analgesics, 4

Hispanic-American

0.5 (0.13, 0.87)

0.0085

  

lambda

0.4021

8.6E-04

Cocaine, 4

Cigarettes: Alcohol: Analgesics

603.85 (143.88, 1063.82)

0.0101

     

Cigarettes: Alcohol

−80.89 (−138.89, −22.89)

0.0063

     

AIAN-American

− 10.99 (− 18.8, −3.18)

0.0058

     

Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol: Analgesics

− 3668.28 (− 6170.15, − 1166.42)

0.0041

     

Cigarettes, 6

Full Model - 6 Temporal Lags

spreml(Cancer_Rate ~ Cigarettes * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics + Cocaine + 6_Races + Income)

Alcohol, 6

Caucasian-American

4.28 (2.17, 6.4)

7.4E-05

− 938.093

1.9015

phi

0.2238

0.0053

Cannabis, 6

Asian-American

0.5 (0.13, 0.87)

0.0089

  

psi

0.1218

0.0448

Analgesics, 6

Hispanic-American

0.51 (0.12, 0.91)

0.0115

  

rho

− 0.5495

7.7E-05

Cocaine, 6

AIAN-American

−11.64 (−19.61, −3.66)

0.0042

  

lambda

0.5042

1.8E-07