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Table 12 Spatially- and Temporally- Lagged Spatiotemporal Models

From: A geospatiotemporal and causal inference epidemiological exploration of substance and cannabinoid exposure as drivers of rising US pediatric cancer rates

Parameter

Estimate (C.I.)

R.R. (C.I.)

E-Values

LINEAR REGRESSION

 Cancer Rate Over Time

  Year

0.14 (0.1, 0.17)

1.06 (1.04, 1.08)

1.31, 1.27

 Cancer Rate by Δ9THC

  Δ9THC

0.33 (0.15, 0.5)

1.15 (1.07, 1.23)

1.55, 1.33

 Cancer Rate by Drug Rate

  Drug_Rate: Cannabis

4.63 (2.11, 7.15)

6.83 (2.41, 19.41)

13.15, 4.25

 Cancer Rate by Cannabinoid Over Time

  Cannabinol

6.54 (5.07, 8.01)

15.54 (8.39, 28.78)

30.58, 16.27

  Cannabigerol

7.65 (5.91, 9.38)

24.71 (11.96, 51.02)

48.91, 23.41

  Drug_Rate

2.14 (1.55, 2.73)

2.45 (1.91, 3.14)

4.34, 3.24

  Cannabichromene

3.86 (0.29, 7.42)

5.04 (1.14, 22.44)

9.54, 1.51

 Cancer Rate by Ethnic Cannabis Exposure

  Ethnic_THC_Exposure

0.14 (0.07, 0.21)

1.06 (1.03, 1.09)

1.31, 1.20

  Asian-Am_THC_Exposure

0.28 (0.02, 0.55)

1.12 (1.01, 1.26)

1.50, 1.10

 Legal Status

  Decriminalized

0.85 (0.44, 1.26)

1.42 (1.20, 1.69)

2..20, 1.69

  Liberal

0.663 (0.35, 0.98)

1.32 (1.15, 1.50)

1.96, 1.58

  Legal

1.3286 (0.47, 2.19)

1.73 (1.21, 2.45)

2.86, 1.72

 Cancer by Legal Status

  Decriminalized

0.78 (0.37, 1.19)

1.38 (1.16, 1.64)

2.11, 1.60

  Legal

1.51 (0.68, 2.35)

1.87 (1.33, 2.66)

3.16, 1.98

 Cancer by Year * Status

  Year: Decriminalized

0.0003 (0.0001, 0.0005)

1.00013 (1.00004, 1.00021)

1.011, 1.006

 Cancer by Year * Dichotomized_Status

  Year: Liberal

0.0002 (0, 0.0004)

1.00008 (1.00001, 1.00015)

1.0090, 1.0035

MIXED EFFECTS REGRESSION

 Additive Model

  Cannabis

5.34 (0.07, 10.6)

4.11 (1.02, 16.59)

7.70, 1.18

 Interactive Drugs Model

  Cannabis

72.88 (49.6, 96.15)

5.02E+ 08 (8.45E+ 05, 2.97E+ 11)

1.01E+ 09, 1.69E+ 06

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Analgesics

2788.19 (1676.17, 3900.2)

Infinity (2.40E+ 200, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

 Full Interactive Model

  Cannabis

79.27 (56.77, 101.78)

7.00E+ 09 (1.14E+ 07, 4.31E+ 12)

1.40E+ 09, 2.27E+ 07

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Analgesics

2525.7 (1488.65, 3562.75)

Infinity (1.38E+ 185, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

 Full Interactive Model with Cannabinoids

  Cigarettes: Cannabigerol: Alcohol

4741.19 (3077.86, 6404.51)

Infinity (Infinity, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

  Δ9THC: Alcohol

14.95 (7.74, 22.16)

73.78 (9.31, 584.34)

147.07, 18.12

  Cigarettes: Δ9THC

26.57 (15.54, 37.6)

2.09E+ 03 (87.97, 4.95E+ 04)

4.18E+ 03, 175.45

GEOSPATIAL REGRESSION

 Additive Model

  Cannabis

5.16 (2.26, 8.06)

11.18 (2.89, 43.30)

21.84,. 5.22

 3-Way Interactive model

  Cannabis

20.68 (7.02, 34.33)

1.55E+ 04 (26.85, 9.01E+ 06)

3.11E+ 04, 53.19

 4-Way Interactive model

  Cannabis

5.42 (2.34, 8.5)

12.61 (2.99, 53.07)

24.71, 5.45

 Interactive Full Model - 0 Lags

  Cannabis

45.67 (18.77, 72.56)

6.00E+ 10 (1.07E+ 04, 3.45E+ 15)

1.20E+ 120, 5.15E+ 04

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

840.86 (416.29, 1265.44)

1.09E+ 180 (2.07E+ 89, 5.78E+ 270)

Infinity, 4.14E+ 89

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Analgesics

966.38 (184.69, 1748.06)

8.18E+ 206 (7.64E+ 39, Infinity)

Infinity, 1.52E+ 40

 Time Lagged Models

  Full model - 4 Lags - Just Lagging Cannabis

   Cigarettes: Cannabis: Analgesics

261.1 (19.06, 503.15)

8.26E+ 39 (0.07, 9.56E+ 80)

1.65E+ 40, 1.00

  Full model - 6 Lags - Just Lagging Cannabis

   Cannabis

8.49 (1.47, 15.5)

50.45 (1.98, 1.28E+ 03)

100.41, 3.39

  Full Model - 1 Temporal Lag

   Cannabis

7.88 (1.7, 14.06)

48.60 (2.32, 1.016E+ 03)

96.68, 4.07

   Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

182.23 (29.55, 334.9)

1..00E+ 39 (2.45E+ 06, 4.07E+ 71)

1.99E+ 39, 4.91E+ 06

  Full Model - 2 Temporal Lags

   Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

658.72 (396.6, 920.84)

3.76E+ 140 (5.65E+ 84, 2.53E+ 196)

7.58E+ 140, 1.13E+ 85

  Full Model - 4 Temporal Lags

   Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

472.69 (145.49, 799.88)

9.42E+ 126 (2.81E+ 30, 3.15E+ 223)

1.88E+ 127, 5.62E+ 30

 Space-Time Lagged Models

  Full Model - 1 Spatial & 1 Temporal Lag

   Cannabis: Analgesics

110.36 (37.53, 183.19)

2.51E+ 23 (9.78E+ 07, 6.48E+ 38)

5.03E+ 23, 1.95E+ 08

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol

1688.83 (336.9, 3040.77)

Infinity (1.033E+ 72, Infinity)

Infinity, 2.07E+ 72

  Full Model - 2 Spatial & 2 Temporal Lags

  Cigarettes: Cannabis: Alcohol: Analgesics

3954.04 (1565.01, 6343.08)

Infinity (Infinity, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

 Cannabinoid Models

  Cannabinoids as Main Effects

   Cigarettes: Δ9THC: Analgesics

391 (181.28, 600.72)

1.62E+ 84 (1.65E+ 39, 1.59E+ 129)

3.24E+ 84, 3.30E+ 39

   Δ9THC: Alcohol

116 (51.71, 180.29)

1.11E+ 25 (1.68E+ 11, 7.41E+ 38)

2.23E+ 25, 3.36E+ 11

   Cigarettes: Δ9THC: Cannabigerol: Alcohol

4810 (2124.8, 7495.2)

Infinity (Infinity, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

   Δ9THC: Cannabigerol

109 (41.58, 176.42)

2.45E+ 23 (7.67E+ 08, 7.83E+ 37)

4.90E+ 23, 1.54E+ 09

   Δ9THC: Cannabigerol: Alcohol: Analgesics

5640 (1680.8, 9599.2)

Infinity (Infinity, Infinity)

Infinity, Infinity

   Cigarettes: Δ9THC

9.01 (0.6, 17.42)

87.15 (1.35, 5.61E+ 03)

173.80, 2.04

 Cannabinoids as Main Effects - 2 Lags

  Cannabigerol

21.6 (9.29, 33.9)

3.32E+ 04 (89.18, 1.23E+ 07)

6.64E+ 04, 177.84

  THC: Alcohol

10.25 (4.12, 16.37)

139.58 (7.34, 2.65E+ 03)

278.66, 14.15

  Cannabigerol: Alcohol: Analgesics

1176.24 (308.66, 2043.82)

1.66E+ 246 (9.51E+ 64, Infinity)

Infinity, 1.91E+ 65

 Cannabinoids as Main Effects - 4 Lags

  Cigarettes: THC

2.87 (1.47, 4.27)

4.06 (2.06, 8.04)

7.58, 3.52

  Cigarettes: Cannabigerol: Alcohol

668.38 (191.09, 1145.67)

5.01E+ 141 (5.21E+ 40, 4.82E+ 242)

1.00E+ 142, 1.04E+ 41

 Cannabinoids as Main Effects - 6 Lags

  Cigarettes: THC

28.16 (18.61, 37.71)

7.61E+ 05 (7.76E+ 03, 7.46E+ 07)

1.52E+ 06, 1.55E+ 04

  THC: Cannabigerol

46.22 (30.06, 62.38)

4.50E+ 09 (1.92E+ 06, 1.06E+ 13)

9.01E+ 09, 3.84E+ 06

  Cigarettes: Cannabigerol: Alcohol

724.22 (143.74, 1304.71)

1.82E+ 151 (1.84E+ 30, 1.80E+ 272)

3.64E+ 151, 3.68E+ 30

 Ethnicity Models

  Cancer Incidence as a Function of Racial Cannabis Exposure

   Afric-Am._THC_Exp: Hispan.Am_THC_Exp

1.74 (1.18, 2.29)

2.22 (1.72, 2.86)

3.86, 2.86

   Afric-Am._THC_Exp: Hispan.Am_THC_Exp: Asian-Am._THC_Exp: AIAN-Am._THC_Exp

0.15 (0.09, 0.21)

1.51 (1.18, 1.91)

2.38, 1.66

   Asian-Am._THC_Exp: AIAN-Am._THC_Exp

0.89 (0.37, 1.41)

1.06 (1.04, 1.10)

1.34, 1.24