Characteristic | Typical Carcinoid | Atypical Carcinoid | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||||
HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | ||
Age at diagnosis | |||||||||
< 60 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
≥ 60 | 2.269 (1.497–3.438) | 0.000 | 2.684(1.710–4.213) | 0.000 | 1.922 (1.113–3.321) | 0.019 | 1.975 (1.065–3.660) | 0.031 | |
Race | |||||||||
White | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
Others | 1.519(0.862–2.678) | 0.148 | 1.071 (0.509–2.252) | 0.857 | |||||
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||||
Male | 1.507(1.013–2.242) | 0.043 | 1.563(1.022–2.390) | 0.039 | 0.857 (0.504–1.457) | 0.568 | |||
Insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||||
No | 2.249 (1.431–3.534) | 0.0004 | 1.622 (1.002–2.626) | 0.049 | 1.346 (0.782–2.317) | 0.284 | |||
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
Un-married | 0.986 (0.659–1.473) | 0.943 | 1.404 (0.849–2.321) | 0.186 | |||||
Primary site | |||||||||
Main bronchus | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
Upper lobe, lung | 1.346 (0.569–3.185) | 0.498 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.996 | |||||
Middle lobe, lung | 0.681 (0.247–1.878) | 0.458 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.997 | |||||
Lower lobe, lung | 1.150 (0.486–2.722) | 0.751 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.996 | |||||
Overlapping lesion of lung | 0.508(0.061–4.230) | 0.531 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.996 | |||||
Lung, NOS | 1.738(0.489–6.175) | 0.393 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.996 | |||||
Grade | |||||||||
Well | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
Moderately/Pooly/Undifferentiated | 3.537 (2.372–5.272) | 0.000 | 2.127(1.392–3.250) | 0.000 | 1.982 (1.006–3.905) | 0.048 | 1.937(0.947–3.961) | 0.070 | |
Laterality | |||||||||
Right | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
Other | 1.022(0.686–1.521) | 0.915 | 1.384 (0.844–2.27) | 0.198 | |||||
Historic Stage | |||||||||
Localized | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
Regional/Distant/Unstaged | 4.016(2.699–5.977) | 0.000 | 1.388 (0.697–2.764) | 0.351 | 3.749 (2.094–6.712) | 0.000 | 1.882 (0.724–4.893) | 0.194 | |
T stage | |||||||||
T1 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
T2-T4 | 3.215 (2.102–4.919) | 0.000 | 1.182 (0.680–2.053) | 0.553 | 2.487(1.431–4.322) | 0.001 | 1.242 (0.581–2.652) | 0.576 | |
N stage | |||||||||
N0 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
N1-N3 | 4.753 (3.186–7.092) | 0.000 | 1.630 (0.901–2.948) | 0.106 | 2.564 (1.55–4.241) | 0.000 | 1.502 (0.719–3.137) | 0.279 | |
M stage | |||||||||
M0 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
M1 | 7.635 (4.825–12.08) | 0.000 | 1.443 (0.679–3.066) | 0.341 | 7.527 (4.506–12.57) | 0.000 | 4.302 (2.150–8.607) | 0.000 | |
Surgery | |||||||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
Lobectomy | 0.121 (0.077–0.188) | 0.000 | 0.265 (0.140–0.502) | 0.000 | 0.123 (0.067–0.226) | 0.000 | 0.299(0.139–0.643) | 0.002 | |
Local resection/destrubition | 0.059 (0.014–0.247) | 0.000 | 0.236 (0.053–1.050) | 0.058 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.996 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.995 | |
Wedge resection | 0.075 (0.030–0.192) | 0.000 | 0.249 (0.090–0.690) | 0.008 | 0.455(0.229–0.905) | 0.025 | 1.674 (0.677–4.139) | 0.264 | |
Pneumonectomy | 0.122 (0.047–0.318) | 0.000 | 0.121(0.037–0.392) | 0.000 | 0.336(0.143–0.789) | 0.012 | 0.424(0.142–1.263) | 0.123 | |
Surgery, NOS | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.995 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.994 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.999 | 0.000 (0.000-Inf) | 0.999 | |
Radiation | |||||||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
Yes | 10.84 (6.89–17.05) | 0.000 | 1.512 (0.724–3.156) | 0.271 | 2.19 (1.241–3.866) | 0.006 | 1.149 (0.573–2.303) | 0.696 | |
Chemotherapy | |||||||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
Yes | 9.244 (5.587–15.3) | 0.000 | 2.014 (1.118–3.631) | 0.020 | 2.664 (1.604–4.425) | 0.000 | 0.653 (0.332–1.286) | 0.218 | |
Radiation after surgery | |||||||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||||
Yes | 5.533 (2.847–10.76) | 0.000 | 1.422 (0.520–3.887) | 0.492 | 1.169(0.556–2.454) | 0.681 | |||
Tumor size | |||||||||
< 20 mm | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||
20-40 mm | 3.028(1.726–5.313) | 0.000 | 2.310(1.276–4.181) | 0.006 | 0.927 (0.490–1.756) | 0.816 | 0.689(0.332–1.432) | 0.184 | |
> 40 mm | 8.470(4.643–15.452) | 0.000 | 4.286 (2.043–8.993) | 0.000 | 2.447(1.291–4.640) | 0.006 | 1.796 (0.757–4.259) | 0.031 |