Fig. 2

Extracellular vesicles derived from GCIY (upper) and MeT-5A (lower). a Transmission electron microscope image of EVs. Scale bar: 500 nm. b Vesicle size measured by dynamic light scattering analyses. c Representative Western blot of original cell lysates and EVs to confirm the presence of EVs by exosome markers (CD9, CD63, CD81). Full-length blots / gels are presented in Fig. S6 and S7. d The uptake of GCIY-EVs into CD14-positive cells (monocytes) was analyzed by flow cytometry. e-g Flow cytometry analysis for monocytes co-cultured with EVs for 48 h. N = 3, in each samples. e The viability of monocytes treated with each EVs. f The positive rates of the markers on each monocyte. g PD-L1 expression on each monocyte. (*: p < 0.05, NS: not significant, Student’s t-test)