Fig. 6

Model. ERα⁺ BCa and AR⁺ PCa cells (green circle) are sensitive to hormone receptor-targeting therapy (e.g. hormone deprivation therapy, anti-androgens, anti-estrogens). Exposure to IL-1 in the tumor microenvironment represses ERα and AR in hormone receptor positive cells (yellow circle), rendering BCa and PCa cell resistance to hormone receptor-targeted therapy. BCa and PCa cells can also be innately hormone receptor negative (red circle) and, therefore, are also resistant to hormone receptor-targeting therapy. To identify genes that may contribute to hormone receptor independence and resistance to hormone receptor-targeting therapy in both IL-1-treated HR+ BCa and PCa cells (yellow circle) and intrinsically HR- BCa and PCa cells (red circle), we identified a common gene expression pattern comprised of 350 genes (yellow and red cell overlap) that are induced or repressed by IL-1 in HR⁺ BCa and PCa cells that are, respectively, basally high or low in HR⁻ BCa and PCa cells. The 350 gene set is predicted to includes genes that encode for proteins which could serve as alternative therapeutic targets to hormone receptors