Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with disease free surviva, disease specific survival and overall survival

 Age (< 60 VS.≥60)

0.892 (0.556–1.433)

0.638

0.716 (0.429–1.193)

0.2

0.666 (0.413–1.072)

0.094

 Gender (Female VS. Male)

2.093 (0.956–4.582)

0.065

1.768 (0.801–3.906)

0.158

2.104 (0.960–4.613)

0.063

 Anatomic location (Upper VS. Middle VS. Lower third)

1.145 (0.819–1.601)

0.429

1.224 (0.850–1.762)

0.277

1.049 (0.751–1.465)

0.778

 Size (< 3 cm VS. ≥3 cm)

1.252 (0.779–2.013)

0.353

1.700 (1.012–2.856)

0.045

1.719 (1.060–2.789)

0.028

 Lymphovascular invasion (Negative VS. Positive)

1.748 (1.082–2.824)

0.023

1.869 (1.119–3.121)

0.017

1.859 (1.152–2.998)

0.011

 Perineural growth (Negative VS. Positive)

1.879 (1.157–3.052)

0.011

2.280 (1.363–3.814)

0.002

2.051 (1.262–3.333)

0.004

 Lymph-node metastasis (Negative VS. Positive)

2.127 (1.316–3.438)

0.002

3.072 (1.787–5.281)

< 0.001

2.680 (1.633–4.398)

< 0.001

 Type of neoadjuvant (Chemotherapy VS. Chemoradiotherapy)

1.208 (0.745–1.959)

0.443

1.224 (0.724–2.069)

0.45

1.379 (0.848–2.242)

0.195

 Tumour regression grade- (Becker system) (TRG 1a+1b VS. TRG2+ 3)

2.596 (1.462–4.607)

0.001

3.365 (1.703–6.649)

< 0.001

2.436 (1.371–4.328)

0.002

 Tumour regression grade- (Japanese systerm) (G0-1a+1b VS. G2+ 3)

1.863 (1.143–3.037)

0.013

2.155 (1.256–3.697)

0.005

1.888 (1.152–3.094)

0.012

 Size (< 3 cm VS. ≥3 cm)

–

–

1.198 (0.697–2.059)

0.514

1.267 (0.763–2.104)

0.36

 Lymphovascular invasion (Negative VS. Positive)

0.980 (0.565–1.699)

0.943

0.835 (0.462–1.510)

0.551

0.966 (0.551–1.693)

0.903

 Perineural growth (Negative VS. Positive)

1.356 (0.799–2.301)

0.259

1.575 (0.900–2.758)

0.112

1.479 (0.869–2.516)

0.149

 Lymph-node metastasis (Negative VS. Positive)

1.770 (1.069–2.932)

0.027

2.496 (1.416–4.402)

0.002

2.217 (1.315–3.736)

0.003

 Tumour regression grade- (Becker system) (TRG 1a+1b VS. TRG2+ 3)

2.050 (1.084–3.878)

0.027

2.367 (1.123–4.991)

0.024

1.662 (0.867–3.187)

0.126

 Size (< 3 cm VS. ≥3 cm)

–

–

1.190 (0.678–2.089)

0.545

1.275 (0.753–2.160)

0.366

 Lymphovascular invasion (Negative VS. Positive)

1.096 (0.625–1.922)

0.749

0.945 (0.516–1.733)

0.856

1.059 (0.600–1.871)

0.842

 Perineural growth (Negative VS. Positive)

1.431 (0.832–2.460)

0.195

1.674 (0.947–2.962)

0.076

1.546 (0.901–2.651)

0.113

 Lymph-node metastasis (Negative VS. Positive)

1.826 (1.097–3.038)

0.020

2.621 (1.482–4.637)

0.001

2.282 (1.352–3.850)

0.002

 Tumour regression grade- (Japanese systerm) (G0-1a+1b VS. G2+ 3)

1.378 (0.787–2.414)

0.262

1.393 (0.736–2.638)

0.308

1.198 (0.660–2.174)

0.552