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Table 1 Host and tumor characteristics of the pooled cohort

From: Variceal bleeding is aggravated by portal venous invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case-control study

Variable

Pooled cohort

All

Without PVTT

With PVTT

Standardized difference

P-value

(n = 1709)

(n = 1503)

(n = 206)

Age (years)

57.0 ± 9.3

57.2 ± 9.2

55.5 ± 9.5

0.182

0.013

Male

1392 (81.5)

1211 (80.6)

181 (87.9)

0.201

0.012

Hypertension

451 (26.4)

407 (27.1)

44 (21.4)

0.134

0.081

Etiology of liver disease

   

0.189

0.072

 HBV infection

1437 (84.1)

1254 (83.4)

183 (88.8)

  

 HCV infection

131 (7.7)

123 (8.2)

8 (3.9)

  

 Others

141 (8.2)

126 (8.4)

15 (7.3)

  

Child-Pugh class

 A

1564 (91.5)

1380 (91.8)

184 (89.3)

0.085

0.228

 B

145 (8.5)

123 (8.2)

22 (10.7)

  

 PT (INR)

1.10 ± 0.12

1.09 ± 0.12

1.10 ± 0.10

0.033

0.115

 Albumin (g/dl)

3.8 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

0.192

0.010

 Bilirubin (mg/dl)

1.0 ± 0.9

1.0 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 1.6

 

0.036

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.9 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 1.0

0.072

0.678

 Platelet (× 103/uL)

133.1 ± 57.2

132.3 ± 56.2

139.4 ± 63.6

0.120

0.265

 AST (IU/L)

51.4 ± 39.6

50.6 ± 38.3

57.0 ± 47.9

0.147

0.204

 ALT (IU/L)

42.5 ± 34.6

42.3 ± 33.7

43.7 ± 40.2

0.037

0.755

 Ascites

49 (2.9)

31 (2.1)

18 (8.7)

0.299

< 0.001

 MELD score

8.2 ± 2.3

8.2 ± 2.3

8.4 ± 2.5

0.086

0.251

 Liver cirrhosis

1.709 (100)

1.503 (100)

206 (100)

0.000

0.999

Number of tumors

   

0.221

0.002

 Single

1115 (65.3)

1000 (66.5)

115 (55.8)

  

 Multiple

594 (34.7)

503 (33.5)

91 (44.2)

  

Infiltrative-type tumor

99 (5.8)

23 (1.5)

76 (36.9)

1.004

< 0.001

Tumor size (cm)

3.9 ± 2.8

3.5 ± 2.4

7.2 ± 3.5

1.218

< 0.001

Serum AFP (ng/mL)

2630.6 ± 17,308.0

1185.2 ± 7501.9

13,176.8 ± 44,232.0

0.378

< 0.001

Extrahepatic metastasis

85 (5.0)

42 (2.8)

43 (20.9)

0.583

< 0.001

Primary anti-HCC treatment

 TACE

717 (42.0)

577 (38.4)

140 (68.0)

0.620

< 0.001

 Radiotherapy*

86 (5.0)

32 (2.1)

54 (26.2)

0.736

< 0.001

 Sorafenib¥

41 (2.4)

29 (1.9)

12 (5.8)

0.203

0.002

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, or frequency (percentage)
  2. PVTT portal vein tumor thrombosis, HBV hepatitis B infection, HCV hepatitis C virus, PT prothrombin time, INR international normalized ratio, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, and TACE transarterial chemoembolization
  3. *Of the 86 patients receiving radiotherapy, 77 were primarily treated with a TACE-combined regimen: 50 in the PVTT group and 27 in the non-PVTT group
  4. ¥Of the 29 patients receiving sorafenib in the non-PVTT group, 19 were primarily treated with a TACE-combined regimen; while 12 patients with PVTT group only treated with sorafenib regimen
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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