Table 3 Comprehensive multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratios for all-cause mortality, bladder cancer-specific mortality, competing-cause mortality, second-cancer mortality, and Noncancer mortality among patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic bladder cancer from 2014 to 2015
From: Short-term mortality risks among patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer
All-cause mortality | Bladder cancer-specific mortality | Competing-cause mortality | Second cancer mortality | Noncancer mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | AHR (95% CI) | P | AHR (95% CI) | P | AHR (95% CI) | P | AHR (95% CI) | P | AHR (95% CI) | P |
Age | ||||||||||
< 50 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
50–64 | 1.72 (1.32–2.24) | <.001 | 1.47 (1.13–1.93) | <.005 | 2.83 (1.50–5.34) | <.001 | 10.8 (7.6–14.8) | <.001 | 2.30 (1.21–4.37) | 0.011 |
65+ | 3.66 (2.83–4.73) | <.001 | 2.37 (1.82–3.08) | <.001 | 8.76 (4.70–16.3) | <.001 | 33.3 (29.0–38.2) | <.001 | 7.49 (4.03–13.9) | <.001 |
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Female | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.412 | 1.26 (1.15–1.38) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.64–0.81) | <.001 | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.021 | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | <.001 |
Race | ||||||||||
White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Black | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 0.013 | 1.18 (1.02–1.38) | 0.030 | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 0.850 | 0.82 (0.45–1.52) | 0.53 | 0.99 (0.79–1.25) | 0.970 |
Asian or Pacific islander | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.485 | 0.88 (0.74–1.06) | 0.180 | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | 0.680 | 1.12 (0.64–1.96) | 0.69 | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 0.740 |
American Indian | 1.69 (1.16–2.46) | 0.006 | 1.70 (1.09–2.63) | 0.020 | 1.30 (0.62–2.70) | 0.490 | 2.81 (0.72–10.9) | 0.14 | 1.05 (0.45–2.48) | 0.910 |
Insurance status | ||||||||||
Uninsured | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Any Medicaid | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | 0.776 | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | 0.092 | 1.85 (0.94–3.64) | 0.740 | 1.47 (0.34–6.25) | 0.600 | 2.05 (0.96–4.40) | 0.065 |
Insured | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) | 0.017 | 0.65 (0.49–0.86) | 0.003 | 1.30 (0.67–2.52) | 0.440 | 1.49 (0.38–5.93) | 0.570 | 1.40 (0.66–2.97) | 0.370 |
Unknown | 0.72 (0.53–0.98) | 0.039 | 1.12 (0.64–1.26) | 0.530 | 0.82 (0.40–1.67) | 0.580 | 0.85 (0.18–3.98) | 0.840 | 0.90 (0.40–2.00) | 0.790 |
Marital status | ||||||||||
Single | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Married | 0.67 (0.60–0.73) | <.001 | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) | <.001 | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | <.001 | 1.03 (0.66–1.60) | 0.910 | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | <.001 |
Other status | 1.10 (0.99–1.21) | 0.070 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.820 | 1.27 (1.07–1.50) | 0.006 | 1.59 (0.99–2.53) | 0.054 | 1.26 (1.06–1.51) | 0.010 |
Unknown a | 0.69 (0.59–0.80) | <.001 | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | <.001 | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 0.120 | 0.91 (0.47–1.74) | 0.770 | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | 0.160 |
T stage | ||||||||||
Tis, Ta or T1 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
T2 | 3.70 (3.40–4.02) | <.001 | 5.82 (5.17–6.55) | <.001 | 1.40 (1.20–1.63) | <.001 | 0.68 (0.43–1.07) | 0.096 | 1.54 (1.31–1.82) | <.001 |
T3 | 3.94 (3.49–4.44) | <.001 | 6.85 (5.89–7.97) | <.001 | 1.05 (0.80–1.39) | 0.730 | 1.06 (0.94–2.13) | 0.860 | 1.05 (0.77–1.41) | 0.780 |
T4 | 6.16 (5.42–7.01) | <.001 | 11.6 (9.87–13.7) | <.001 | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) | 0.190 | 0.41 (0.14–1.19) | 0.100 | 0.86 (0.58–1.27) | 0.440 |
Unknown | 2.02 (1.64–2.48) | <.001 | 3.25 (2.43–4.35) | <.001 | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) | 0.430 | 0.74 (0.36–1.49) | 0.390 | 1.23 (0.84–1.82) | 0.290 |
N stage | ||||||||||
N0 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
N1 | 1.46 (1.24–1.73) | <.001 | 1.60 (1.33–1.92) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.48–1.30) | 0.350 | 0.76 (0.19–3.09) | 0.710 | 0.79 (0.46–1.34) | 0.370 |
N2 or N3 | 1.93 (1.69–2.22) | <.001 | 2.00 (1.72–2.33) | <.001 | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | 0.600 | 0.83 (0.27–2.54) | 0.740 | 1.14 (0.76–1.70) | 0.530 |
Unknown | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | 0.406 | 1.16 (0.89–1.52) | 0.280 | 1.17 (0.84–1.63) | 0.340 | 2.16 (1.18–3.95) | 0.013 | 1.05 (0.72–1.53) | 0.800 |
Histological grade | ||||||||||
Grade I | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Grade II | 0.96 (0.80–1.14) | 0.610 | 1.45 (1.02–2.07) | 0.380 | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.037 | 0.76 (0.45–1.28) | 0.300 | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) | 0.070 |
Grade III | 2.05 (1.72–2.45) | <.001 | 4.68 (3.33–6.57) | <.001 | 1.07 (0.85–1.35) | 0.570 | 1.42 (0.80–2.52) | 0.230 | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 0.780 |
Grade IV | 1.83 (1.55–2.15) | <.001 | 3.98 (2.86–5.53) | <.001 | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 0.400 | 1.00 (0.62–1.63) | 0.990 | 1.12 (0.90–1.38) | 0.320 |
Unknown | 1.50 (1.26–1.78) | <.001 | 2.82 (2.01–3.96) | <.001 | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | 0.390 | 1.39 (0.84–2.30) | 0.200 | 1.06 (0.85–1.33) | 0.620 |
Surgery | ||||||||||
No surgery | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Surgery | 0.50 (0.44–0.57) | <.001 | 0.54 (0.45–0.65) | <.001 | 0.57 (0.47–0.70) | <.001 | 0.51 (0.29–0.88) | 0.015 | 0.58 (0.47–0.72) | <.001 |
Chemotherapy | ||||||||||
No chemotherapy | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Chemotherapy | 0.61 (0.57–0.66) | <.001 | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) | <.001 | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | <.001 | 0.70 (0.50–0.96) | 0.028 | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) | <.001 |
Radiotherapy | ||||||||||
No radiation | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | |||||
Radiation | 1.31 (1.18–1.45) | <.001 | 1.30 (1.15–1.47) | <.001 | 1.38 (1.11–1.71) | 0.003 | 1.91 (1.05–3.47) | 0.034 | 1.34 (1.07–1.69) | <.001 |