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Table 5 Subgroup analysis of the association between circulating adiponectin levels and HCC risk

From: The association of leptin and adiponectin with hepatocellular carcinoma risk and prognosis: a combination of traditional, survival, and dose-response meta-analysis

Variable

Included studies

Test of association

Test of heterogeneity

SMD

95%CI

P-value*

Modal

P-value

I2

HCC vs Healthy controls

 Overall

[24, 29, 31, 34,35,36, 40]

1.57

0.37, 2.76

0.010

RE

0.000

99.0%

 HCC(unreported reason) vs Healthy controls

[24, 31, 34, 35]

1.88

−0.31, 4.08

0.092

RE

0.000

99.5%

 Viral HCC vs Healthy controls

[29, 36, 40]

1.11

0.44, 1.78

0.001

RE

0.000

90.8%

HCC vs Cirrhosis

 Overall

[27, 33, 36, 40]

−0.51

−1.30, 0.29

0.213

RE

0.000

93.9%

 Viral cirrhotic HCC vs Viral cirrhosis

[27, 33]

−0.37

−1.80, 1.05

0.607

RE

0.000

95.9%

 HCV-related HCC vs HCV-related cirrhosis

[33, 40]

−1.22

−1.54, −0.90

0.000

FE

0.531

0.0%

HCC vs Chronic hepatitis

 Overall

[28, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43]

0.10

−0.80, 1.00

0.826

RE

0.000

98.4%

 HCC(unreported causes) vs Chronic hepatitis C

[34, 39]

− 0.48

−5.71, 4.75

0.857

RE

0.000

99.6%

 HCV-related HCC vs Chronic hepatitis C

[28, 43]

0.08

−0.22,0.38

0.599

RE

0.068

70.0%

 Viral HCC vs Chronic viral hepatitis

[28, 36, 38, 43]

0.35

−0.08, 0.78

0.108

RE

0.000

91.8%

Ethnicity

 Asian

[28, 29, 35, 36, 38, 43]

0.31

0.02, 0.61

0.036

RE

0.000

88.3%

 Caucasian

[24, 27, 31]

0.73

0.11, 1.35

0.022

RE

0.000

90.3%

 African

[33, 34, 39, 40]

−0.32

−2.93, 2.29

0.811

RE

0.000

99.5%

Sample size

 < 200

[27, 31, 33, 39, 40, 43]

0.76

0.03, 1.50

0.042

RE

0.000

98.5%

 ≥ 200

[24, 28, 29, 34,35,36, 38]

−0.40

−1.34, 0.54

0.403

RE

0.000

97.1%

Mean age

 < 60

[27,28,29, 33, 34, 36, 39, 40]

0.10

−0.85, 1.05

0.833

RE

0.000

98.8%

 ≥ 60

[24, 35, 43]

0.13

−0.14, 0.39

0.362

RE

0.037

69.7%

Study design

 Nested Case-control

[24, 27, 28, 35, 38]

0.25

0.14, 0.36

0.000

EE

0.585

0.0%

 Case-control

[29, 34, 40, 43]

0.84

−0.74, 2.12

0.298

RE

0.000

99.2%

 Cross-sectional

[33, 36, 39]

−1.10

−3.46, 1.26

0.361

RE

0.000

99.0%

Sample source

 Serum

[24, 27, 29, 31, 33,34,35,36, 39, 40, 43]

0.23

−0.51, 0.97

0.540

RE

0.000

98.5%

 Plasma

[28, 38]

0.23

0.08, 0.38

0.003

FE

0.795

0.0%

Assay method

 ELISA

[24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38,39,40, 43]

−0.03

−0.45, 0.40

0.901

RE

0.000

95.7%

 Non-ELISA

[29, 34]

1.75

−0.75, 4.26

0.170

RE

0.000

99.4%

Alanine aminotransferase

 < 70 U/L

[28, 33, 36, 40, 43]

0.00

−0.53, 0.53

0.992

RE

0.000

94.8%

 ≥ 70 U/L

[27, 34, 39]

0.08

−2.96, 3.12

0.958

RE

0.000

99.5%

Albumin

 < 3.5 g/dl

[33, 34, 40]

0.62

−1.98, 3.22

0.639

RE

0.000

98.5%

 ≥ 3.5 g/dl

[27, 28]

0.24

0.09,0.40

0.002

RE

0.000

99.4%

  1. RE Random-effects model, FE Fixed-effects model, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C virus
  2. *Statistically significant results were shown in bold