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Table 4 Subgroup analysis of the association between circulating leptin levels and HCC risk

From: The association of leptin and adiponectin with hepatocellular carcinoma risk and prognosis: a combination of traditional, survival, and dose-response meta-analysis

Variable

Included studies

Test of association

Test of heterogeneity

SMD

95%CI

P-value*

Modal

P-value

I2

HCC vs Healthy controls

 Overall

[23,24,25, 30, 37, 40,41,42]

4.32

2.41, 6.24

0.000

RE

0.000

98.4%

 HCC(unreported reason) vs Healthy controls

[23, 24]

5.58

−5.11, 16.26

0.306

RE

0.000

98.8%

 Viral cirrhotic HCC vs Healthy controls

[37, 41, 42]

1.02

− 0.78, 2.79

0.263

RE

0.000

94.1%

 HCV-related HCC vs Healthy controls

[30, 37, 40]

8.87

− 1.08, 1.82

0.081

RE

0.000

98.7%

HCC vs Cirrhosis

 Overall

[25,26,27, 30, 37, 40,41,42]

1.85

0.70, 3.01

0.002

RE

0.000

97.0%

 HCV-related cirrhotic HCC vs HCV-related cirrhosis

[26, 37]

0.82

0.40, 1.24

0.000

FE

0.145

53.0%

 HCV-related HCC vs HCV-related cirrhosis

[30, 40]

8.71

−3.84, 21.25

0.174

RE

0.000

99.2%

 Viral cirrhotic HCC vs Viral cirrhosis

[27, 41, 42]

0.13

−0.11,0.37

0.302

FE

0.591

0

HCC vs Chronic hepatitis

 Overall

[28, 30, 32, 37, 41]

0.94

−0.15, 2.03

0.090

RE

0.000

94.9%

 HCV-related HCC vs Chronic hepatitis C

[30, 32, 37]

1.63

−1.39, 4.65

0.290

RE

0.000

96.0%

 Viral cirrhotic HCC vs Chronic hepatitis C

[37, 41]

−0.10

− 0.51,0.32

0.643

FE

0.561

0

Ethnicity

 Asian

[25, 28, 32, 37, 42]

0.10

−0.50, 0.70

0.751

RE

0.000

85.6%

 Caucasian

[24, 27, 30, 41]

0.58

−0.06, 1.22

0.077

RE

0.000

93.3%

 African

[23, 26, 40]

9.36

−1.27, 19.99

0.084

RE

0.000

99.3%

Sample size

 < 100

[23, 25, 26, 32, 37, 42]

1.57

0.22, 2.91

0.022

RE

0.000

95.8%

 ≥ 100

[24, 27, 28, 30, 40, 41]

2.23

1.21, 3.26

0.000

RE

0.000

98.4%

Mean age

 < 60

[23, 25,26,27,28, 32, 37, 40]

2.87

1.57, 4.17

0.000

RE

0.000

98.2%

 ≥ 60

[24, 30, 41, 42]

0.76

0.03, 1.49

0.040

RE

0.000

93.7%

Study design

 Case-control

[23, 25, 30, 37, 40, 41]

3.81

1.83, 5.79

0.000

RE

0.000

97.5%

 Nested Case-control

[24, 27, 28]

0.14

0.01, 0.26

0.035

FE

0.777

0.0%

Assay method

 ELISA

[23,24,25,26,27,28, 30, 37, 40, 41]

2.13

1.27, 2.99

0.000

RE

0.000

97.9%

 RIA

[32, 42]

0.79

0.39, 1.19

0.000

FE

0.570

0.0%

Alanine aminotransferase

 < 70 U/L

[23, 26, 28, 32, 37, 40]

4.42

2.26, 6.50

0.000

RE

0.000

98.6%

 ≥ 70 U/L

[25, 27, 30, 41, 42]

0.43

−0.38, 1.23

0.296

RE

0.000

94.4%

Albumin

 < 3.5 g/dl

[25, 26, 30, 40, 42]

3.47

1.28, 5.66

0.002

RE

0.000

98.7%

 ≥ 3.5 g/dl

[27, 28, 32, 41]

0.12

−0.02, 0.26

0.091

FE

0.633

0.0%

  1. RE Random-effects model, FE Fixed-effects model, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C virus
  2. *Statistically significant results were shown in bold