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Table 2 Preceding Healthcare Encounters, Tests, Blood Bank Utilization and Systemic Antibiotic Administration (N = 11,183 cultures)

From: Development and utility assessment of a machine learning bloodstream infection classifier in pediatric patients receiving cancer treatments

 

Negative

Positive

P*

N

10,559

624

 

Location where Culture Obtained

  

< 0.001

 Clinic

1346 (12.7)

62 (9.9)

 

 Emergency Department

4877 (46.2)

219 (35.1)

 

 Intensive Care Unit

329 (3.1)

9 (1.4)

 

 Hospital Ward

4007 (37.9)

334 (53.5)

 

Healthcare Encounters within 28 Days

 Mean Number Emergency Department Visits (SD)

0.35 (0.62)

0.28 (0.54)

0.006

 Mean Number Admissions (SD)

0.53 (0.71)

0.57 (0.67)

0.178

 Mean All Encounters (SD)

3.95 (3.32)

3.86 (3.06)

0.474

Tests Performed within 28 Days

 Mean Pathology Specimens (SD)

0.24 (0.77)

0.39 (1.04)

< 0.001

 Mean Radiology Tests (SD)

1.12 (2.07)

1.37 (2.14)

0.003

Blood Bank Utilization within 7 Days

 Mean Platelet Transfusions (SD)

0.40 (1.20)

1.15 (1.78)

< 0.001

 Mean Red Cell Transfusions (SD)

0.28 (0.80)

0.53 (0.91)

< 0.001

Previous Positive Blood Cultures 7–365 Days

 Mean Positive Cultures (SD)

0.65 (1.95)

1.18 (2.22)

< 0.001

Systemic Antibiotics within 7 Days

 FN Antibiotics One Day Prior (%)

273 (2.6)

11 (1.8)

0.255

 FN Antibiotics Two Days Prior (%)

250 (2.4)

14 (2.2)

0.950

 Mean Days FN Antibiotics (SD)

0.24 (0.86)

0.35 (0.94)

0.001

 Antifungal One Day Prior (%)

1008 (9.5)

210 (33.7)

< 0.001

 Antifungal Two Days Prior (%)

936 (8.9)

208 (33.3)

< 0.001

 Mean Days Antifungal (SD)

0.56 (1.56)

1.94 (2.56)

< 0.001

 Levofloxacin One Day Prior (%)

36 (0.3)

8 (1.3)

0.001

 Levofloxacin Two Days Prior (%)

45 (0.4)

5 (0.8)

0.291

 Mean Days Levofloxacin (SD)

0.02 (0.25)

0.08 (0.50)

< 0.001

 Caspofungin One Day Prior (%)

380 (3.6)

55 (8.8)

< 0.001

 Caspofungin Two Days Prior (%)

349 (3.3)

56 (9.0)

< 0.001

 Mean Days Caspofungin (SD)

0.22 (1.01)

0.56 (1.58)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SD Standard deviation, FN Fever and neutropenia
  2. *P values calculated using Student’s t-test for continuous variables and chi square test for categorical variables