Fig. 4

Principal component analysis (PCA) and heat maps of a two-way clustering analysis of signature genes. (A1) PCA separates healthy controls from patients with lung disorders by PC1 (P = 0.00217), PC2 (P = 0.24174), and PC3 (P = 0.76089). (A2) Heat map of signature genes between patients with lung disorders and healthy controls. (B1) PCA separates healthy controls from IPF patients by PC1 (P = 0.000282), PC2 (P = 0.030919), and PC6 (P = 0.002256). (B2) Heat map of 127 signature genes between IPF patients and healthy controls. (C1) PCA separates healthy controls from NSCLC patients by PC1 (P = 0.00219), PC5 (P = 0.60574), and PC10 (P = 0.61893). (C2) Heat map of 396 signature genes between NSCLC patients and healthy controls. In A1, green dots indicate healthy controls, red dots indicate IPF patients, and black dots indicate NSCLC patients. In B1 and C1, green dots indicate healthy controls, and red dots indicate disease samples. In panels A1, B1, and C2, the numbers on each coordinate axis reflect the loading coefficients for genes