Table 1 Demographics and clinicopathologic characteristics of study participants

Age (years)

49 (42, 58)

49 (41, 55)

52 (45, 59)

<0.001

Sex, Male / Female

782 (86.9) / 118 (13.1)

261 (87.0) / 39 (13.0)

344 (88.9) / 43 (1.11)

<0.001

Height (cm)

166 (161, 170)

165 (160, 170)

165 (161, 170)

0.936

Weight (kg)

61 (55, 68)

60 (54, 67)

60 (54,69)

0.540

BMI (kg/m²)

22.3 (20.0, 24.4)

21.8 (20.0, 24.5)

22.1 (20.1, 24.5)

0.540

Hypertension, Yes / No

67 (7.4%) / 833 (92.6%)

19 (6.3%) / 281 (93.7%)

54 (14.0%) / 333 (86.0%)

<0.001

Diabetes, Yes / No

83 (9.2%) / 817 (90.8%)

21 (7.0%) / 279 (93.0%)

29 (7.5%) / 358 (92.5%)

0.373

HBsAg, Positive / Negative

259 (28.8%) / 641 (71.2%)

81 (27.0%) / 219 (73.0%)

90 (23.3%) / 297 (96.7%)

0.124

HBV-DNA, ≥2000 / < 2000 (IU/ml)

555 (61.7%) / 345 (38.4%)

179 (59.7%) / 121 (40.3%)

175 (45.2%) / 212 (54.8%)

<0.001

PLT (×  10⁹/L)

199.9 (155.0, 260.0)

207.1 (160.0, 261.7)

149.0 (100.0, 193.0)

<0.001

T-Bil (μmol/L)

12.9 (9.5, 17.2)

13.0 (9.7, 17.8)

14.2 (10.7, 18.9)

<0.001

PA (mg/L)

178.0 (135.0, 224.0)

173.0 (130.0, 217.0)

202.0 (150.0, 244.0)

<0.001

ALB (g/L)

39.6 ± 4.6

39.3 ± 4.8

41.5 ± 4.4

<0.001

ALT (U/L)

36.0 (24.0, 52.5)

34.0 (25.0, 49.0)

34.0 (24.0, 54.7)

0.788

AST (U/L)

40.0 (30.0, 58.0)

38.0 (29.0, 55.0)

34.1 (26.0, 54.0)

<0.001

CR (μmol/L)

77.0 (68.0, 88.0)

79.0 (68.0, 89.0)

69.0 (61.0, 78.0)

<0.001

BUN (mmol/L)

4.9 (4.1, 5.9)

5.0 (4.2, 5.9)

5.4 (4.5, 6.4)

<0.001

PT (s)

12.8 (12.1, 18.6)

13.0 (12.2, 18.0)

12.0 (11.5, 18.8)

<0.001

INR

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

1.06 (1.00, 1.16)

1.01 (0.96, 1.07)

<0.001

AFP ≥400 / < 400 (ng/mL)

388 (43.1%) / 512 (56.9%)

142 (47.3%) / 158 (52.7%)

130 (33.6%) / 257 (66.4%)

<0.001

CSPH, Yes / NO

75 (8.3) / 825 (91.7)

31 (10.3) / 269 (89.7)

95 (24.5) / 292 (75.5)

<0.001

Child-Pugh grade A / B (7 score)

858 (95.3%) / 42 (4.7%)

284 (94.7%) / 16 (5.3%)

373 (96.4%) / 14 (3.6%)

0.541

MELD score

4 (2, 7)

5 (3, 7)

4 (2, 5)

<0.001

ALBI score

−2.63 ± 0.41

−2.61 ± 0.45

−2.76 ± 0.40

<0.001

PALBI score

−2.47 (−2.67, −2.25)

−2.43 (−2.67, −2.17)

−2.64 (−2.80, − 2.41)

<0.001

APRI score

0.52 (0.35, 0.84)

0.48 (0.34, 0.85)

0.64 (0.38, 1.19)

<0.001

Tumour size (cm)

6.1 (4.0, 17.5)

6.8 (4.0, 16.5)

5.7 (4, 18)

0.387

Tumour number, Multiple/ Single

239 (26.6%) / 661 (73.4%)

73 (24.3%) / 227 (75.7%)

101 (25.9%) / 286 (74.1%)

<0.001

Portal invasion, Yes / No

103 (11.4%) / 761 (84.6%)

29 (9.7%) / 271 (90.3%)

30 (7.7%) / 357 (92.3%)

0.393

BCLC stage

0.001

 0

31 (3.4%)

12 (4.0%)

29 (7.5%)

 A

560 (62.2%)

197 (65.7%)

242 (62.5%)

 B

206 (22.9%)

62 (20.6%)

82 (21.3%)

 C

103 (11.5%)

29 (9.7%)

34 (8.7%)

Operation time (min)

193 (160, 240)

200 (165, 250)

190 (160, 240)

0.172

Blood loss, ≥400 / < 400 (mL)

346 (38.4%) / 554 (61.6%)

114 (38.0%) / 186 (62.0%)

136 (35.1%) / 251 (64.9%)

<0.001

Blood transfusion, Yes / No

59 (6.6%) / 841 (93.4%)

21 (7.0%) / 279 (93.0%)

42 (10.9%) / 345 (89.1%)

0.026

eTLV (mL)

1212.2 ± 109.6

1208.6 ± 107.5

1212.0 ± 113.0

0.874

FLR (mL)

939.6 (791.2, 1042.5)

919.8 (780.8, 1028.8)

948.2 (840.6, 1045.9)

0.053

sFLR (%)

69.0 (34.0, 85.0)

67.9 (36.0, 84.2)

69.6 (37.0, 86.0)

0.013

Hepatic vascular occlusion

0.903

 No

243 (27.0%)

80 (26.7%)

111 (28.7%)

 HVC

283 (31.4%)

89 (29.7%)

114 (29.5%)

 THVE

374 (41.6%)

131 (43.7%)

162 (41.8%)

Cirrhosis, Yes / No

389 (43.2%) / 511 (56.8%)

149 (49.7%) / 151 (50.3%)

190 (49.1%) / 197 (51.9%)

0.052

PHLF

214 (23.8%) / 686 (76.2%)

63 (21.0%) / 237 (79.0%)

145 (37.5) / 242 (62.5%)

<0.001

 Grade A

93 (10.3%)

30 (10.0%)

67 (17.3%)

<0.001

 Grade B

114 (12.7%)

32 (10.7%)

70 (18.1%)

 Grade C

7 (0.8%)

1 (0.3%)

8 (2.1%)

 Grade B/C

121 (13.5%)/779 (86.5%)

33 (11.0%) / 267 (89.0%)

78 (20.2%) / 309 (79.8%)

0.001