Skip to main content

Table 2 The direct effects of tobacco smoking, as well as the causal mediation (indirect) effects via gene expression, on the mutational signature in lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05)

From: From tobacco smoking to cancer mutational signature: a mediation analysis strategy to explore the role of epigenetic changes

Gene

Effect a

Beta

95% CI

P

Lower

Upper

AHRR

ACME

4.5 × 10− 4

1.6 × 10− 4

8.3 × 10− 4

<  1.0 × 10− 4

ADE

2.9 × 10− 3

1.7 × 10− 3

4.1 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Total Effect

3.3 × 10− 3

2.1 × 10− 3

4.5 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Prop

13.4%

4.6%

25.6%

2.0 × 10− 4

CAPN8

ACME

3.4 × 10− 4

8.2 × 10− 5

6.8 × 10− 4

<  1.0 × 10− 4

ADE

3.0 × 10− 3

1.8 × 10− 3

4.2 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Total Effect

3.3 × 10− 3

2.1 × 10− 3

4.5 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Prop

9.8%

2.4%

21.7%

2.2 × 10− 3

GPR15

ACME

7.7 × 10− 4

3.9 × 10− 4

1.2 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

ADE

2.6 × 10− 3

1.4 × 10− 3

3.7 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Total Effect

3.4 × 10− 3

2.2 × 10− 3

4.4 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Prop

22.8%

11.3%

39.4%

<  1.0 × 10− 4

HDGF

ACME

4.2 × 10− 4

1.6 × 10− 4

7.6 × 10− 4

<  1.0 × 10− 4

ADE

2.9 × 10− 3

1.8 × 10− 3

4.1 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Total Effect

3.4 × 10− 3

2.2 × 10− 3

4.5 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Prop

12.3%

4.7%

24.6%

8.0 × 10− 4

RPS6KA1

ACME

3.0 × 10− 4

1.8 × 10− 5

6.7 × 10− 4

0.040

ADE

3.0 × 10− 3

1.9 × 10− 3

4.2 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Total Effect

3.3 × 10− 3

2.1 × 10− 3

4.5 × 10− 3

<  1.0 × 10− 4

Prop

8.6%

5%

20.6%

0.032

  1. a”: “ACME” refers to the average causal mediation effects. “ADE” refers to the average direct effects. “Prop” refers to the proportion of the total effect of tobacco smoking on the mutational signature mediated by the gene expression