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Table 8 Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for the overall survival and cancer-specific survival of lung HGNEC patients with SPM

From: Risk of second primary malignancy in adults with pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC)

Variable

overall survival

cancer-specific survival

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

Age

  < 65 year

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

  ≥ 65 year

1.242

1.085–1.422

0.002

0.981

0.827–1.163

0.824

Sex

 Male

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Female

0.962

0.843–1.098

0.569

0.897

0.760–1.059

0.198

Race

 White

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Black

0.922

0.727–1.169

0.503

0.870

0.642–1.177

0.366

 Other

1.011

0.712–1.434

0.953

1.137

0.747–1.731

0.550

Stage

 Localized

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Regional

1.608

1.317–1.964

0.000

1.783

1.373–2.314

0.000

 Distant

2.113

1.716–2.602

0.000

2.370

1.809–3.103

0.000

 Unknown/unstaged

1.230

0.835–1.811

0.295

1.120

0.661–1.898

0.674

Radiation

 None/Unknown

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Beam radiation

1.997

1.233–3.237

0.005

2.254

1.299–3.909

0.004

 Other radiation

0.991

0.833–1.178

0.914

0.950

0.763–1.182

0.643

Chemotherapy

 Yes

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 None/Unknown

0.881

0.715–1.085

0.232

0.915

0.704–1.190

0.509

Latency

  ≥ 60 months

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 6–59 months

3.862

3.310–4.507

0.000

3.761

3.093–4.573

0.000