Fig. 5From: Prediction of relapse in stage I testicular germ cell tumor patients on surveillance: investigation of biomarkersIllustrative examples of immunoexpression patterns of CXCL12 and CXCR4. a and b – Two cases with strong and diffuse membrane/cytoplasmic staining for CXCL12 in tumor cells, a choriocarcinoma component of a mixed tumor (a) and a yolk sac tumor component of a mixed tumor (b); c – A case of a pure embryonal carcinoma with absent immunoexpression of CXCL12 in tumor cells or in surrounding stromal/inflammatory cells. Notice the internal positive control in the rete testis; d – Notice the contrast to this case, another pure embryonal carcinoma with absent CXCL12 staining in tumor cells, but with abundant staining in surrounding stromal/immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, at the periphery and within the tumor nests; e – Two cases with exclusive strong nuclear immunoexpression of CXCR4, a pure teratoma (on the left) and a pure seminoma (on the right); f – Notice the contrast to these two cases of pure embryonal carcinomas, with a predominance of cytoplasmic staining for CXCR4. Rare nuclei exhibited CXCR4 staining in these casesBack to article page