Fig. 1

Talazoparib and niraparib in combination with irradiation induces apoptosis and necrosis and cell cycle arrest. a Left: talazoparib (blue) bound in PARP1 [12], right: structural chemical formula of talazoparib. b Left: niraparib (green) bound in PARP1 [13], right: structural chemical formula of niraparib. c Exemplary gating strategy of Annexin-V-APC/7AAD staining for flow cytometry detection for apoptosis and necrosis. Dot plots of melanoma cell culture PMelL untreated, treated with 50 nmol/l talazoparib or 2500 nmol/l niraparib. d Representative histograms of Hoechst stained DNA distribution in melanoma cell culture ILSA untreated, treated with 50 nmol/l talazoparib or 2500 nmol/l niraparib. e Left: dose escalation study of apoptotic and necrotic PMelL cells treated with 0 nmol/l up to 100 nmol/l talazoparib w/o 2 Gy IR. right: dose escalation study of apoptotic and necrotic PMelL cells treated with 0 nmol/l up to 4000 nmol/l niraparib w/o 2 Gy IR f Left: dose escalation study of G2/M phase in ILSA cells treated with 0 nmol/l up to 100 nmol/l talazoparib w/o 2 Gy IR. Right: dose escalation study of G2/M phase in ILSA cells treated with 0 nmol/l up to 4000 nmol/l niraparib w/o 2 Gy IR. Bars without error bars have one repetition (n = 1) and bars with error bars have three or four repetitions (n = 3 or n = 4), * = p ≤ 0.05