Author, Year, and Reference Number | Relevant to This Review | Aims Clearly Stated | Appropriate Study Method | Sample Representative of Target Population | Confounding and Bias Considered | Good Response Rate | Were Questions Piloted | Were Tables and Figures Understandable | Can Results Be Applied to Local Situation? | Accepted as Type IV Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
He et al., 2019 [21] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Keum et al., 2019 [22] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Mehta et al., 2017 [23] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Carr et al., 2017 [24] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Hogervorst et al., 2014 [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Jung et al., 2014 [26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Gilsing et al., 2013 [27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Kamal et al., 2012 [28] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Razzak et al., 2012 [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Ottini et al., 2011 [30] | No | Yes | Yes | No | – | – | – | – | No | No (Type V) |
Naguib et al., 2010 [31] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No (Type V) |
Slattery et al., 2010 [32] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Schernhammer et al., 2008 [33] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Weijenberg et al., 2007 [34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Bongaerts et al., 2006 [35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Wark et al., 2006 [36] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Brink et al., 2005 [37] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Brink et al., 2005 [38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Brink et al., 2004 [39] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Howsam et al., 2004 [40] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Laso et al., 2004 [41] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Slattery et al., 2002 [42] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Slattery et al., 2001 [43] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Slattery et al., 2000 [44] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
Kampman et al., 2000 [45] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |
O’Brien et al., 2000 [46] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type V) |
Martinez et al., 1999 [47] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No (Type V) |
Bautista et al., 1997 [48] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No (Type III) |