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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of relative risk for gallbladder cancer mortality in DM patients

From: Effect of diabetes mellitus on survival in patients with gallbladder Cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroup

No. of references

HR and 95% CI

Pa

I2%

Pb

Country

 Western countries

4

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

< 0.0001

0%

0.29

 Eastern countries

2

1.10 (1.06–1.13)

0.001

0%

 

Follow-up duration

10

4

1.03 (0.89–1.20)

0.70

84%

0.27

 > 10

3

1.13 (1.06–1.21)

0.0005

0%

 

Diabetes assessment

 Self-report

3

1.14 (1.06–1.22)

0.0003

0%

0.34

 Medical record

3

1.01 (0.81–1.27)

0.92

73%

 

Adjusted BMI

 Yes

3

1.14 (1.07–1.21)

< 0.0001

0%

0.30

 No

5

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

0.57

78%

 

Adjusted smoking

 Yes

4

1.10 (1.05–1.14)

< 0.0001

0%

0.63

 No

4

1.05 (0.87–1.26)

0.64

44%

 

Adjusted education

 Yes

2

1.13 (1.05–1.21)

0.0007

0%

0.43

 No

6

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

0.35

78%

 
  1. Pa P value for heterogeneity within subgroup, Pb P value for subgroup differences