Fig. 1

Cisplatin induces autophagy and apoptosis. a Cisplatin markedly inhibited A549 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC₅₀ value was 10.26 μM. b A549 cells were treated with cisplatin at 0.5, 5, and 10 μM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to determine cisplatin-induced autophagy. c A549 cells were treated with cisplatin at 0.5, 5, and 10 μM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to determine cisplatin-induced apoptosis. d Cisplatin-induced autophagy was performed in a time-dependent manner. A549 cells were treated with cisplatin at 5 μM for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. e A549 cells were treated with 5 μM cisplatin for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis. f The expression levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins, as well as those of APE1, were examined using Western blotting after treatment with 0.5, 5, and 10 μM cisplatin for 24 h (see Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1-3). g The expression levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins, as well as APE1, were examined using Western blotting after treatment with 5 μM cisplatin for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (see Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 4-7).